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Medical-MITS > The Sensory System > Flashcards

The Sensory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aphasia /Afasia

A

Partial or total inability to understand or use language.

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2
Q

Astigmatism / Astigmatismo

A

Spherical deviation in the lens of the eye, leading to distorted images.

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3
Q

Cataract / Catarata

A

Opacification of the eye lens, leading to blurred vision.

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4
Q

Cleft lip / Labio leporino

A

A split or opening in the upper part of the mouth caused by failure of lip to close together during fetal development. Babies with this condition may also suffer from a cleft in the palate.

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5
Q

Cochlea / Cóclea

A

Inner ear structure that is shaped like a snail and is the organ responsible for hearing.

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6
Q

Cold sore / Herpes labial

A

An infection characterized by the formation of a cluster of tiny blisters on or around the mouth caused by the herpes simplex virus. Also called fever blister. *Colloquially known in Latin America as fuego.

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7
Q

Color blind / Daltónico

A

It refers to a person who has a vision deficiency in which the ability to see certain colors is decreased.

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8
Q

Conjunctiva / Conjuntiva

A

The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids to protect the white of the eye.

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9
Q

Cornea / Córnea

A

The transparent layer covering the front part of the eye.

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10
Q

Dysphonia / Disfonía

A

Difficulty speaking, or a vocalization impairment.

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11
Q

Eardrum / Tímpano

A

The translucent fibrous structure separating the external ear from the middle ear and attached to the ear bones; it vibrates with sound and sends the waves to the inner ear.

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12
Q

Eustachian tube / Trompa de Eustaquio

A

The tube that leads from the throat to the middle ear, and is responsible for pressure equalization in the ears.

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13
Q

ENT / Otorrino

A

A physician that specializes in disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. Also called otolaryngologist. *Also known as otorhinolaryngologist. In Spanish:
otorrinolaringólogo or otolaringólogo.

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14
Q

Floaters / Flotadores del ojo

A

Eye floaters are black or gray spots in one’s vision; they may also look like a spider’s web or strings that drift with eye or head movement.

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15
Q

Glaucoma / Glaucoma

A

A condition marked by several eye disorders that affect the optic nerve. Damage to this nerve leads to irreversible loss of vision.

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16
Q

Halitosis / Halitosis

A

Commonly known as bad breath. *It is also acceptable to interpret as mal aliento.

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17
Q

Hearing impairment / Discapacidad auditiva

A

Partial or complete loss of the ability to detect sounds.

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18
Q

Hoarseness / Ronquera

A

Harsh-sounding voice caused by vocal cord overuse or other condition.

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19
Q

Hyperopia / Hipermetropía

A

Commonly known as farsightedness, this is a condition where people can see distant objects more clearly than those nearby.

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20
Q

Incus / Yunque

A

The bone in the middle ear between the stapes and malleus; also known as the anvil because of its shape.

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21
Q

Inner ear / Oído interno

A

The part of the ear that contains the hearing organ called the cochlea and the balance organ called the labyrinth.

22
Q

Iris / Iris

A

The colored part of the eye behind the cornea, containing the adjustable opening called the pupil.

23
Q

Labyrinth / Laberinto

A

Part of the inner ear that holds the sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium.

24
Q

LASIK / Cirugía LASIK

A

It is a laser eye procedure that uses a device called a microkeratome to change the shape of the cornea to correct myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

25
Q

Malleus / Martillo

A

Commonly referred to as the hammer because of its shape, it is the first ear bone that connects to the eardrum.

26
Q

Meniere’s disease / Enfermedad de Meniere

A

A condition of the inner ear marked by hearing and balance disorders, leading to tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss, and fullness in the ear. *Not to confuse with Meissner’s Corpuscles, which are nerve endings in hairless skin that increase touch sensitivity.

27
Q

Middle Ear / Oído medio

A

Located between the eardrum and the oval window, this part of the ear is responsible for transmitting sound from the outer ear to the inner ear.

28
Q

Myopia / Miopía

A

Commonly known as nearsightedness, this is a condition marked by the ability to see objects up close more clearly than objects farther away.

29
Q

Myringotomy / Miringotomía

A

A surgical incision of the eardrum to relieve pressure, drain fluid, or place ear tubes.

30
Q

Nostrils / Fosas nasales

A

The external openings in the face leading to the nasal cavities, which connect to the throat and airways to allow the passage of air into the lungs.

31
Q

Ossicles / Osículos

A

Very small bones, especially when referring to the bones in the ear.

32
Q

Otitis / Otitis

A

Inflammation of either the external, middle or inner ear, which will be defined by the terms otitis externa, otitis media, or otitis interna.

33
Q

Palate / Paladar

A

There is a soft and hard palate. The soft palate is the fleshy portion towards the back of the roof of the mouth. The hard palate is the bony front part of the roof of the mouth.

34
Q

Presbyopia / Presbicia

A

A condition related to the natural aging of the eye, resulting in the progressive loss of the ability to see clearly up close. *In Spanish, a farsighted person is: hipermétrope, a nearsighted person is: miope, and a person with astigmatism is: astigmático.

35
Q

Pterygium / Pterigión

A

A growth of tissue in the conjunctiva of the eye, originating on the nasal side and gravitates to the cornea. *Commonly called: carnocidad en los ojos.

36
Q

Pupil / Pupila

A

The adjustable opening in the middle of the iris, which is where light passes to the retina.

37
Q

Retina / Retina

A

The innermost part of the eye that receives images from the outside world; these images are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve.

38
Q

Rhinitis / Rinitis

A

Inflammation in the nasal structures or lining causing a runny or stuffy nose.

39
Q

Round window / Membrana timpánica secundaria

A

A membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear.

40
Q

Sclera / Esclerótica

A

The white part of the eye.

41
Q

Stapes / Estribo

A

Smallest of the three ear bones that connect the eardrum to the inner ear; commonly referred to as the stirrup because of its shape.

42
Q

Strabismus / Estrabismo

A

Also called cross-eyed, this is the inward turning of the iris and cornea as if looking at the nose. *Cross-eyed: bizco in Spanish.

43
Q

Strep throat / Faringitis por estreptococos

A

An infection of the throat and tonsils caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. *Also correct: faringitis or amigdalitis estreptocócica.

44
Q

Stridor / Estridor

A

Inflammation or narrowing of the voice box, leading to noisy breathing.

45
Q

Stuttering / Tartamudeo

A

Complete or partial word repetition, which disrupts the smooth flow of speech.

46
Q

Sty / Orzuelo

A

An abscess in or around the eye caused by bacteria in the eyelid glands.

47
Q

Tinnitus / Zumbido

A

Hearing a roaring, ringing, or buzzing sound in the head or ears. *Also correct: tinnitus (pronounced as spelled) or
acúfenos.

48
Q

Vertigo / Vértigo

A

The illusion of movement, leading to a whirling sensation and loss of balance.

49
Q

Vestibular system / Sistema vestibular

A

The system responsible for maintaining one’s perception of the body’s place in space, posture, and balance. Regulates movements and locomotion to help with visual focus on objects during movement.

50
Q

Vestibule / Vestíbulo

A

A bony channel or cavity within the inner ear.

51
Q

Key Word Parts:
kerat/o
myring/o
dilat/o
-otomy

A

Key Word Parts:
cornea
eardrum
widening
cutting into

Medical-MITS (12 decks)

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