The Structure of Genetic Material

Question 1

Who was the first person to isolate and identify the structure of DNA

Answer 1

Rosalind Franklin

Question 2

Who built the first model of DNA

Answer 2

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 3

How much DNA is in one chromosome

Answer 3

1 strand of DNA

Question 4

What does DNA stand for

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

What does one nucleotide consist of

Answer 5

Sugar and phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases

Question 6

What is the shape of DNA

Answer 6

double helix

Question 7

What are the four nitrogenous bases

Answer 7

1. Adenine
   2.Thymine
   3.Guanine
   4.Cytosine

Question 8

What is purine

Answer 8

2 rings (adenine + guanine)

Question 9

What is pyrimidine

Answer 9

1 ring (cytosine + thymine)

Question 10

What bonds together

Answer 10

Adenine + Thymine (2 hydrogen bonds)
Guanine + Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)

Question 11

Genetic mutations

Answer 11

change in nucleotide sequence of DNA

Question 12

Genome

Answer 12

complete DNA sequence in every cell of an organism

Question 13

Chromosome number

Answer 13

Can vary for different species Humans = 46 Amoeba = 54

Question 14

What are the sex chromosomes for make and females

Answer 14

F: XX
M:XY

Question 15

What are chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes called

Answer 15

Autosomes

Question 16

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 16

Pair of chromosomes that have the same gene sequence

Question 17

Gene

Answer 17

Specific part of the chromosome that dictates a specific trait (ex. flower colour)

Question 18

Alleles

Answer 18

different forms of the same gene (ex. white vs. purple)

Question 19

Karyotyping

Answer 19

Study of a person’s chromosomes, so we can compare sequence to know disorders