Gamete Formation and Errors in Meiosis

Question 1

What is meiosis

Answer 1

The process where sex cells are produced (haploid) and typically there are 4 daughter cells

Question 2

Spermatogenesis

Answer 2

The process of sperm production in testes

Question 3

Oogenesis

Answer 3

the process of ova (egg) formation in the ovaries

Question 4

What are the parent cells called during spermatogenesis

Answer 4

spermatogonia

Question 5

What are the parent cells called during oogonium

Question 6

What is the end product of spermiogenesis

Answer 6

4 haploid gametes (sperm)

Question 7

What is the end product of oogenesis

Answer 7

One haploid gamete (ovum)

Question 8

Why is only one ovum/egg produced?

Answer 8

This is because of the uneven division of cytoplasm during cell division. Polar bodies are the smaller parts of the cytoplasm failing to become a daughter cell as they will degenerate only leaving one ovum.

Question 9

What methods help achieve genetic variation

Answer 9

Independent assortment and crossing over

Question 10

Independent assortment

Answer 10

Metaphase- homologous pairs lined up on equator. In each pair, the maternal and paternal chromosomes will be pulled to different poles of the cell

Question 11

Crossing over

Answer 11

while homologous chromosomes are lined up during prophase 1, non-sister chromatids of homologous pairs may exchange pieces of chromosomes

Question 12

What are the two types of chromosomal error(mutations) that can occur during meiosis

Answer 12

1.changes in chromosome structure
2.changes in chromosome number

Question 13

Changes in chromosome structure

Answer 13

Can happen from crossing over. The chemical bonds that hold the DNA together are broken, and may not reform correctly.

Question 14

Deletion

Answer 14

a piece of a chromosome is deleted

Question 15

Duplication

Answer 15

a section of a chromosome appears two or more times in a row

Question 16

Inversion

Answer 16

a section of a chromosome is inverted

Question 17

Translocation

Answer 17

a segment of one chromosome becomes attached to a different chromosome

Question 18

What genetic disorder is caused by deletion

Answer 18

Cri du Chat (deletion of chromosome 5)

Question 19

what genetic disorder is caused by duplication

Answer 19

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (duplication of chromosome 17)

Question 20

what genetic disorder is caused by inversion

Answer 20

FG syndrome (inversion of a section of the X chromosome) - mostly in males

Question 21

what genetic disorder is cause by translocation

Answer 21

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (translocation between chromosomes 9-22)

Question 22

Non-disjunction

Answer 22

when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatid do not sperate as they should. Typically occurs in anaphase 1 or 2

Question 23

Monosomy

Answer 23

a condition in which one chromosome is lost due to non-disjunction

Question 24

Trisomy

Answer 24

a condition where there is a gain of an extra chromosome due to non-disjunction

Question 25

What syndrome is trisomy 21

Answer 25

Down syndrome

Question 26

What syndrome is trisomy 18

Answer 26

Edward syndrome

Question 27

What syndrome is trisomy 13

Answer 27

Patau syndrome

Question 28

What syndrome is XXY

Answer 28

Klinefelter syndrome