The state and globalisation focused.

Question 1

What is a nation state ?

Answer 1

The nation state is a political community that binds people together by citizenship and nationality

Question 2

What established the legal basis of the state ?

Answer 2

The treaty of Westphalia in 1648. This introduced threekey principles

1. The principle of Sovereignty of states.
2. The principle of legal equality between states
3. The principle of non state intervention in the internal affairs of another
   - Links to realism as it takes a state centric view of the world

Question 3

What is national sovereignty ?

Answer 3

National sovereignty is the states absolute power over its citizens and subjects

Question 4

What are the four key features of the state ?

Answer 4

1. Having the ability to enter into relations with other states ( this requires recognition from other states)
2. A legally defined territory
3. A stable population
4. An effective government

Question 5

What is globalisation ?

Answer 5

Globalisation is the widening and deepening of a complex web of interconnectedness. Which includes: Political , cultural , economic

Question 6

What concepts does the state link to ?

Answer 6

• Selfdetermination- links to liberals

Question 7

Explain the process of globalisation.

Answer 7

The globalisation has created a shrinking world that is increasingly interconnected which has resulted in geographical location to lose its value which means that decisions that take place at great distance can affect different nation states eg conflict in syria has increased the number of migrants and asylum seekrs across europe

• Also globalisation has lessened the importance of territorial boarders of the nation state , the process has seen the rise in non state actors such as transitional corporates and on governmental organisations and international institutions such as the world bank

Question 8

Give some possible for and against answers to he extent to which the impact of globalisation on the state system has been exaggerated.

Answer 8

FOR(exaggerated)
1. Sceptics- sceptics would argue that globalisation has been exaggerated

2. States are still the main global actors sates still are the main global actors. With vetos in UN of P5 members and UK leaving EU has made nation states have the authority above international organisation. A further EXAMPLE WOULD BE with the UK leaving the EU

AGAINST
3. Hypergloablisaers would argue that globalisation has not been exaggerated example economic globalisation which has been highlighted by Bretton wood organisations ie the world trade organisation further ..- Global financial crash in 2007-2008 which penetrated boarders and increased interdependence of states

1. State sovereignty has declined. this can be seen through the formation of IGOS and regional bodies has meant that sovereignty is in decline Especially through EU and their diplomatic structure in ECJ to implement policies above nation state authority. e.g. Arrest Warrant etc.

Question 9

What are the factors driving globalisation ? Give a brief explanation.

Answer 9

Technology- ie the internet etc

• Culture- Gloabl culture has been homoginised by global brands ,
• Economics
• Politics
• People and countries
• Institutions

Question 10

What are the divisions between sceptics and hyper globalisers ?

Answer 10

Divisions
- Hyper gloablisers see globalisation as inevitable where as Sceptics reject this idea

• Sceptics argue that globalisation has been exaggerated evidence for this can be seen in the south which are increasingly marginalised and not apart of a globalised economy where as H gloablisers see gobalisation as a process that is happening which can be seen

Question 11

Explain the key ideas of transformanlists

Answer 11

• They argue that the state has been transformed in many different ways in different countries in a:
• National security state to protect against global terrorism ie UK
• A competition state that gets ahead in a globalised economy by boosting educational skills , and training
• A modernising state like china that mixes the free market and high levels of state control
• In some cases it has lead to a failed state ie Libya

Question 12

Summarise the transformationalists perspective.

Answer 12

• They argue that the nation of the state has changed and the state has transformed in many different ways in different countries
• In some cases it has transformed has extended the political , cultural and ecominic functions of the world on the other hand it is uneven in its impact and can be dividing as much as it integrates
• it may mean a shrinking world for some but creates a sense of distance

Question 13

What are the three main ideas of sceptics regarding globalisation ?

Answer 13

. Economic activities take place within the state suggesting that national economic policy is still relevant. Furthermore a large majority of the globes population is still marginalised specifically in the south they aren’t linked to the global market example ..

2. Regionalisation and global governance remain weak as sovereignty still resides within states. Regional and international institutions are not a sign of weakness but are bodies that states use to grow their power and objectives
3. The idea that globalisation is inevitable is a constructed view used by states such as the US and the west to peruse their objectives and goals. Therefore show that globalisation is exaggerated

Question 14

What is the Hyper globaliser perspective on globalisation and the nation state.

Answer 14

Hyper globalisers argue that globalisation will create a borderless world due to technological progress.

• Globalisation is creating a new era where the authority of the nation state is decreasing due to the economic logic of a global market
• The states autonomy is in decline because its ability to manage strategic economic activities decreases due to the rise of global finance and TNCS aw well as the rise of regionalism and global governance

Question 15

Explain the state of globalisation and the challenge to state control over citizens

Answer 15

The growth in international law in the 20th century has challenged state sovereignty and the control over citzens in three ways

1. Individuals are now the subjects of international law as well as states eg the development of international human rights law such as the universal declaration of human rights
2. International law not only looks at regulating between states but also mange nation states act within their own territorial border. Example R2P ( the responsibility to protect)
3. International law is now about more than just international order it now includes a moral component example 1951 convention relating to the status of refugees that is about global justice, ie France and kicking out immogrants

Question 16

Evaluate the extent to which ‘the impact of globalisation has been exaggerated’

Answer 16

Intro-

FOR(exaggeration)
1. Natural economics- Sceptics would argue that hypergloablisers ignore natural economics states, even with the impact of globalisation are still the most important actors in determining the lives of their citizens through the independent economic choices they make., Example UK and its decisions of HS2 announcements of raising the national living wage, growth in energy bills etc. this shows that states are still able to make decisions that impact there citznes in spite of globalisation. Furthermore ..

2.States are still the main global actors- list view that globalisation politically has been exaggerated in the form that nation states still are the main global actors. With vetos in UN of P5 members and UK leaving EU has made nation states have the authority above international organisation. A further EXAMPLE WOULD BE with the UK leaving the EU

Against(globalisation has been impactful )
3.Economic globalisation- this refers to.. according to hyper globalisers the impact of economic globalisation today…derless’ world in which states are penetrated by external influences much more than in the past. This has been highlighted by the Bretton Woods organisations such as the World Trade Organisation which impact on state sovereignty through promoting global free markets and free trade. Furthermore Free Trade (neo-liberal thinking) dominates the world order. The UK e.g. imports 50% of its food, despitei ts large farming. Furthermore the global finacial crisis in 2008 shows how impactful economic globalisation is as is created a domino effect on other countries this is similar with the ukrain and war crisis

4.state sovereignty- because of gloablisation specifically political state sovereinty has been in decline, this can be seen through the formation of IGOS and regional bodies has meant that sovereignty is in decline Especially through EU and their diplomatic structure in ECJ to implement policies above nation state authority. e.g. Arrest Warrant etc. Furthermore ..liberals suggest that this has also created peace and cooperation between states

Question 17

Summarise hoe globalisation has been exaggerated

Question 18

Evaluate the extent to which ‘state sovereignty is now an outdated concept’.

Answer 18

(For) sovereignty is an outdated concept

• Globalisation - the process of globalisation has contributed to sovereignty becoming outdated because of the widening and deepening of interconnectedness means that states are forced to work together. Hyper globalisers would point to how globalisation has resulted in a shrinking world where borders start to decline and a borderless world starts to dcecline for example the 2008 financial crash, covid 19 etc it has forced states to be interdependent due to the process of globalisation thus suggesting that
• Emergence of non state actors and NGO’s. liberals support the idea that sovereignty is becoming an outdated concept due to the emergence of non state actors and NGO’s. Non state actors have contributed to the decline in importance of sovereignty because it encourages cooperation between states. suggests that the EU has supranational power as they are given an amount of power to influence and input into decisions which states may make. The EU for example is said to have ‘high authority’ with supranational powers which goes against the idea that state has sovereignty

Against( sovereignty is still important

• cooperation between states does not stop sovereignty , in fact NGOs and Igos enable states to act self intreststedly interest as rational autonomous entities with aims of pursuing security, sovereignty and survival. for example e USA and Saudi Arabia are ideologically opposed but the USA have to work with them because they are dependent on them for oil.erefore, states only work to gain what is best for themselves rather than considering what is best for the world as a whole in order to grow.
• Sceptics

Question 19

What are some words which are associated with globalisation

Answer 19

Borderless world​

Shrinking world​

Global village​

Compression of time and space​

Interconnected and Interdependence

Question 20

What are the forms of globalisation ?

Answer 20

1. CULTURAL GLOBALISATION​- The increasing transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world.
2. Economic
3. Political

Question 21

Has globalisation significantly impacted the state system

Answer 21

For ( has impacted the state system)
1. Impact of international law- there is a growing human rights and global rights culture this is seen in the rise of bodies such as the ICC and humanitarian intervention - for example Lybia 2011 the Un security council authorised military intervention in lybia

2. Decline in state sovereignty- states are no longer the main actor in the global international system. This is evident in the growth of Tnc’s , IGOS and NGO’S, these operate outside of the state system and lessen state power. This is evident in Russia whereby global tncs such as netflix , mcdonalids etc and NGOS such as ..

3.

Against( this is exaggerated)

4. International law is not enforceable- There is no compulsion without force and if states do obey international law its for there own interest and to further there place in the international system( supported by realists)
5. states are still the key actors in the international system- supported by realists

6.

Question 22

What are the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation

Answer 22

ADV
- Has positively impacted state sovereignty-

• increased interdependence and interconnextectednes s

DISV
- Its impact of state sovereignty and on the Westphaliian system. The more globalisation there is the less state sovereignty there is in the global system. This is the case because globalisation puts to much emphasis on

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