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Politics - Global > The state and globalisation > Flashcards

The state and globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nation state ?

A

The nation state is a political community that binds people together by citizenship and nationality

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2
Q

What is the importance of national sovereignty

A

National sovereignty has provided the basis for international law this is reinforced through the uNITE NATIONS, general assembly where each nation state has one vote and international law guarantees territorial boundaries and autonomy of states

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3
Q

What is national sovereignty ?

A
  • National sovereignty is the states absolute power over its citizens and subjects
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4
Q

What established the legal basis of the state ?

A

The treaty of Westphalia in 1648

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5
Q

What are the four key features of the state ?

A
  1. Having the ability to enter into relations with other states ( this requires recognition from other states)
  2. A legally defined territory
  3. A stable population
  4. An effective government
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6
Q

What is a nation ?

A
  • A nation is a community of people who are bound by shared traditions and culture including language , history and customs
  • Nationalism supports this idea that the basis for that nation is the state which has been expressed through ideas on self determination
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7
Q

Why is the treaty of Westphalia significant ?

A

Because its the basis for international law and ended a thirty year was established three key principles

  • The principle of sovereignty of states
  • The principle of legal equality between states in theory
  • The principle of non intervention by one state in the internal affairs
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8
Q

What are some evaluations for the nation state ?

A
  • The idea that states are seen as nation states with the right to self determination reinforces democracy
  • Nations have the right to independence and democratic rule

however , Many nations such as kurds and Turkey are struggling to get recognition as a nation state

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9
Q

What is globalisation ?

A

Globalisation is a complex web of interconnectedness

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10
Q

What are some factors that drive globalisation ?

A

Some factors that drive globalisation are the interlinking of people , economics , technology , culture , countries etc

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11
Q

Explain the process of globalisation.

A

The globalisation has created a shrinking world that is increasingly interconnected which has resulted in geographical location to lose its value which means that decisions that take place at great distance can affect different nation states eg conflict in syria has increased the number of migrants and asylum seekrs across europe

  • Also globalisation has lessened the importance of territorial boarders of the nation state , the process has seen the rise in non state actors such as transitional corporates and on governmental organisations and international institutions such as the world bank
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12
Q

What is a non-state actor?

A
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13
Q

Give some possible for and against answers to he extent to which the impact of globalisation on the state system has been exaggerated.

A

For
- Hyper globalisers would argue that globalisation has not been exaggerated example economic globalisation which has been highlighted by Bretton wood organisations ie the world trade organisation further ..- Global fincuial crash in 2007-2008 which penetrated boarders and increased interdependence of states

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14
Q

What are the factors driving globalisation ? Give a brief explanation.

A
  • Technology ,
  • Culture
  • Economics
  • Politics
  • People and countries
  • Institutions
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15
Q

Explain economic globalisation

A
  • Economic globalisation is the process whereby the economies of the nation state have been locked into a 24 hr global market for production , consumption and distribution. however there has always been the movement of goods , materials and services across the border but economic globalisation involves the adoption of one single global economy , this under mins the sovereignty of state
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16
Q

What is the impact of globalisation of the state system? What is meant by this

A
  • Widening and deepening interconnectedness and interdependence
  • challenge to state control over citzens in areas such as law
  • The development of international law
  • ## Humanitarian and forcible intervention
17
Q

What is meant by the widening and deepening of interconnectedness and interdependence

A
  • This means that there is a major change of globalisation it has become much more interconnected and interdependent , this can be seen through:
  • Technological changes ie transport , communication and how this has increased i.e. the internet and through aircrafts
  • The growth of migration and international trade such as NGOS AND TNC’S
  • Political economical and cultural activities I.e the English premier league which crosses territorial boarders
18
Q

What is meant by globalisation and international law ?

A
  • International law was developed on the 17th century with the treaty of Westphalia which involves states being the main subjects and makers of law. The law is based in the principles of
  1. sovereignty of states
  2. The legal equality of states
  3. Non- intervention in the affairs of other states
  • Nazi and stalinist states led to the development of international law based on moral principles and is apart of the rise in globalisation

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19
Q

what is the definition of international law

A

International laws are formal rules that govern state behaviour and other international bodies

20
Q

Explain the state of globalisation and the challenge to state control over citizens

A
  • The growth in international law in the 20th century has challenged state sovereignty and the control over citzens in three ways
    1. Individuals are now the subjects of international law as well as states eg the development of international human rights law such as the universal declaration of human rights
    2. International law not only looks at regulating between states but also mange nation states act within their own territorial border. Example R2P ( the responsibility to protect)
    3. International law is now about more than just international order it now includes a moral component example 1951 convention relating to the status of refugees that is about global justice, ie France and kicking out immogrants
21
Q

Does the development of international law affect state sovereignty?

A

For ( affects state sovereignty)
- Intervening with internal affairs of other nation states

  • Goes against the ideas of state sovereignty because they are not the ultimate power
  • Examples Article 2 and 7 of the UN . clashes with organisations such as the international court of justice
22
Q

Evaluate the debate of international law

A

For
- liberals would argue that international law will increase the interdependence and interconnectedness of states by promoting rules and norms of behaviour that all states would adopt thus lessening the chance of conflict

  • International law is based on the idea of natural rights ( liberal perspective) that has been supported/ stems from the philosphy of lock

Against
- Realists would argue that any development of international law which is not based on the principle of national sovereignty is not legitimate

  • international LAW will undermine sovereignty of states and make the world a less safe place as it will break the principle that intervention in another state is only permitted in the case of self defence
  • Conflict will become much more likely not less
23
Q

What is meant by humanitarian and forcible intervention ?

A

This is a key debate that is concerned with the principle of not intervening in the affairs of other states and the moral case for intervention is the case of a human catastrophe

24
Q

Is humanitarian intervention justified ?

A
  • Due to the emergence of international human rights law there has been discussions surrounding the idea that intervention should take place to prevent a mass atrocity however this would not be abiding the principle of state sovereignty example the decision to intervene in Libya in 2011 has been contovsial and the idea not to intervene
  • However due to the emergence of the responsibility to protect 2005 states have a responsibility to protect their population from mass atrocity crimes such as social cleansing of genocide (morally wrong )
  • This means that when a state fails to do so there is an obligation to intervene , provided there is responsible chance of success and intervention will do more good than harm

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25
Q

Has the development of international law changed state sovereignty ?

A

Yes , the development of international law and R2P has suggested that state sovereignty has changed and become conditional on the state protecting its population from failure and failure to do so legalises external intervention

26
Q

What is the significance of Lybia 2011

A

This is an example of intervention this is because UN security council authorised military intervention in libya

  • Those such as liberalists would support this idea of intervention arguing that this saves lives because it prevent mass atrocity
  • However those against argue that legalised intervention encourages imperialism
27
Q

What is a recent controversial example of potential intervention in the sovereignty of other nation states ?

A
  • China and there genocides against ..
28
Q

What perspectives need to be used when discussing the extent to which globalisation is happening ?

A
  • Hyper globalisers
  • Sceptics
  • Transformationalists
29
Q

What is the Hyper globaliser perspective on globalisation and the nation state.

A

Hyper globalisers argue that globalisation will create a borderless world due to technological progress.

  • Globalisation is creating a new era where the authority of the nation state is decreasing due to the economic logic of a global market
  • The states autonomy is in decline because its ability to manage strategic economic activities decreases due to the rise of global finance and TNCS aw well as the rise of regionalism and global governance
30
Q

Where do Hyperglobalisers ideas emerge from ?

A

Liberalism , they share the idea that globalisation is a good thing and will create a borderless world.

31
Q

Do hyper globalisers view globalisation as exaggerated ?

A

No, Hyperloablisres view globalisation as something that is happening and will/ has began to affect the nation states authority because of the rise in global finance , TNCS and global governance

32
Q

What are the three key benefits of globalisation according to hyper globalisers

A
  1. The creation of a single , global market which will bring wealth to all
  2. Growing economic interdependence makes the cost of war too great thus creating peace
  3. Spread the ideas of liberal democracy - because of the widening and deepening of interconnectedness will increase human rights which may create a truly global civilisation
33
Q

What theory does the sceptic perspective link to ?

A
  • Realist perspective - who argue that globalisation has been exaggerated
34
Q

What are the three main ideas of sceptics regarding globalisation ?

A
  1. Economic activities take place within the state suggesting that national economic policy is still relevant. Furthermore a large majority of the globes population is still marginalised specifically in the south they aren’t linked to the global market example ..
  2. Regionalisation and global governance remain weak as sovereignty still resides within states. Regional and international institutions are not a sign of weakness but are bodies that states use to grow their power and objectives
  3. The idea that globalisation is inevitable is a constructed view used by states such as the US and the west to peruse their objectives and goals. Therefore show that globalisation is exaggerated
35
Q

What theory does the transformationalists perspective link to ?

A

None, because it offers a middle way between the hyper globalists and the sceptics , arguing that globalisation is neither weakening or strengthening the state

36
Q

Summarise the transformationalists perspective.

A
  • They argue that the nation of the state has changed and the state has transformed in many different ways in different countries
  • In some cases it has transformed has extended the political , cultural and ecominic functions of the world on the other hand it is uneven in its impact and can be dividing as much as it integrates
  • it may mean a shrinking world for some but creates a sense of distance
37
Q

Explain the key ideas of transformanlists

A
  • They argue that the state has been transformed in many different ways in different countries in a:
  • National security state to protect against global terrorism ie UK
  • A competition state that gets ahead in a globalised economy by boosting educational skills , and training
  • A modernising state like china that mixes the free market and high levels of state control
  • In some cases it has lead to a failed state ie Libya

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38
Q

What are the divisions between sceptics and hyper globalisers ?

A

Divisions
- Hyper gloablisers see globalisation as inevitable where as Sceptics reject this idea

  • Sceptics argue that globalisation has been exaggerated evidence for this can be seen in the south which are increasingly marginalised and not apart of a globalised economy where as H gloablisers see gobalisation as a process that is happening which can be seen

Politics - Global (22 decks)

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