Liberalism

Question 1

What does interdependence mean ?

Answer 1

• Interdependent refers to the reliance on other countries

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Question 2

What are some concepts that surround liberalism ?

Answer 2

• Peace
• Prevention of conflict through diplomacy
• Supports the spread of liberal ideas through democratic governments
• Global interdependence
• Nations states should work together
• nation states are guided by rationality o appreciate that
  collective global dilemmas, such as the limitation of weapons of mass
  destruction and climate change,

Question 3

What are the main ideas of liberalism ?

Answer 3

• Complex interdependence - the idea that the interests of nation states are closely connected through a diverse web of interconnectedness based on mutually beneficial outcomes ie EU

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Question 4

What is the significance of morality and optimism on human nature ?

Answer 4

• Liberals take a moral interpretation of global politics which emphasises the importance of the protection of human rights when determining foreign policy. This is significant because it shows the liberal philosophy
• Liberals argue that the world is a global community based on common humanity nation states have a duty to protect and encourage international respect for human rights. Evidence international law + UNs responsibility to protect 2005 r2p
• Liberalism is an optimistic theory in global politics which suggests that there are some links to socialism

Question 5

What is meant by complex interdependence ? What institutions are an example of this

Answer 5

• The nation state is not the most important political actor in global relations, instead they suggests that nation states should co-operate with intergovernmental organs (IGO) such as the united nations and the world trade organisation
• Favour institutions of global governance such as the un because there can be shared problems and shared solutions to international problems and crisis

Question 6

How does the EU demonstrate complex interdependence ?

Question 7

Name the liberal key thinkers

Answer 7

• Kant

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Question 8

What is meant by global governance ?

Answer 8

Global governance is the emergence of order from institutions , norms processes that regulate action for common good

• There is an argument that may be suggested by realists arguing that global governance threatens sovereignty however liberals would argue that nation states accept the advantage of having global governance

Question 9

What is the likelihood of global governance

Question 10

What are the main features of liberalism ?

Question 11

What is the definition of liberalism ?

Answer 11

Liberalism is a theory of international relations which claims that relations between states are characterised by co-operation

Question 12

What are liberal ideas on the state ?

Question 13

What are liberal ideas on power ?

Answer 13

• Support soft power

Question 14

What are liberal ideas on order and security ?

Question 15

What are liberal ideas on liberal organisations ?

Answer 15

• Liberal ideas on organisation ae positive.
• Focus on
• iNTERNATIOANL ORGANISATIONs
• United nations - pools resources for common goals/ provides aq constant diplomacy between nation states

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Question 16

What is the likelihood of conflict according to liberalists

Answer 16

• ## according to liberals war and conflict are not inevitable in international relations this is because they argue that nation states can rationally solve conflict

Question 17

What is the significance of the Kantian triangle ?

Answer 17

• The kantian triangle is a symbol of complex interdependence
• Kant developed this theory
• 4 elements
  1. democracy
  2. peace
  3. economic interdependence
  4. integra organisations

Question 18

What are liberal ideas on human nature?

Answer 18

• Liberals believe that people are capable of altruism( the idea of selflessness and a concern for the well being of others )
• Reject realist ideas on human selfishness
• Human co-operation arguing that states have the ability to co-operate with ecah other ie the EU

Question 19

Compare realist ideas on human nature with liberal ideas. What are the differences ?

Answer 19

• Liberals reject realist ideas on human nature specifically selfishness

Question 20

What unit 1 ideas can we link to liberalism ?

Answer 20

• Liberal approaches on society can be compared to those views liberal views of global politics ie state harmony links to harmony in society
• Liberals hold a more progressive view on human nature , humans as rational and reasonable , driven by a desire for freedom and self improvement - can be illustrated through states acting in a similar way manner when conducting foreign policy

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Question 21

Compare liberalism with socialism specifically on the views on human nature.

Answer 21

Liberalism
Liberalism is an ideology that highlights the use of co-operation and harmony between nationstates which cab be achieved by working together with ngos and Igos

• Collective interdependence is the most effective
  way of encouraging peace and stability.

Socialism comparison
- Marx and Engle’s ( socialist thinkers) would agree with liberalists arguing that humans are naturally communal and achiever most when they co-opearate

• Global governance closley linked with Locks philosophy
• Mary Wollstonecraft and Betty Friedan (core liberal
  thinkers) emphasise the importance of equal rights,
  which underpins a moral approach to foreign policy

Question 22

Who developed the idea of the Kantian triangle ?

Answer 22

Kant

Question 23

Explain the kantian triangle