Global governance 12 markers Flashcards
Examine the differences between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism.
Examine why global governance is so controversial.
para 1 - Realists would argue that global governance is controversial because it overides state soverenty by enabling non state actors and international orgnaisations/ intergovernmental to influence decisions that should be at the will of the state. .. this differs from a liberal perspective where ther would use the liberal philospys of cooperation , peace and mutual beneficial relationships to justify/ underpin the idea that global governance is controversial for example NATO is a igo that promotes peace and security between the 12.. states whilst maintain a degree of state sovereignty because they were set up for the benefits of the state
- Another argument .. Gloabl governance is controversial because there are elements of supranationalism which ends the anarchy of the Westphalia system
Examine the criticisms that have been made of both the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
Para 1. Not successful in its aims - one criticism of the world bank is that it is dominated by the west and reproduce policies that harm poorer countries instead of developing them. This can be especially be seen with the world bank for example in Bolivia and the wold banks structural adjustment programmes( saps) this is where the world bank refused a 25mil loan to a local water supply company and instead insisted that the bolvian government hand other the local water supply to large TNCS which did not aide in the development of Bolivian. Another example can be shown with the use of saps in Africa that lead to cuts in public sector employment etc. This is similar to some of the criticism of the IMF where its loan conditions infact worsen the conditions of developing countries instead of improving it for example in 2001 in Argentina and the 2008 financial crisis
- Para 2. Dominated by the west- Another criticism is.. that the IMF is dominated by western ideology specifically the US this is because this institution is heavily involved with the US , its headquarters is in Washington DC suggesting it has some involvement with US government, furthermore the us contributes the most to its funding as the largest economy and, consequently, enjoys the largest proportion of votes in decision-making. This is similar to the world bank where the US has too much influence over the bank and its policies ie the president of the world bank is David malpass and the president should come rom the developing world.
- Para 3. Ineffective. The world bank is an ineffective institution because it spends too little to make a real change for example the A spends $700 billion on its military while the Bank spent just $259 billion on global economic development in 2019 . This shows that the world bank is not doing enough to fufil its aims, this further demonstrated by the resignation of Dr Jim Yong Kim he knew that he could not do much without more funding. The IMF shares this criticism as it is also an ineffective institution this can be seen in its involvement with the global financial crash where it encourage the de regulation of ,..
Examine why has the World Bank been criticised, and how has it responded to criticism.
Para 1. Been criticised because of its involvement with US. this is because of the WB close relationship with the united states for example its president is from the developed world David Malpas. there have been suggestions that in response to this specifically under Obama there was a previous introduction of a president from the developing world specifically china Dr Jim King was the president and had expereince in global..
Para 2. Too little spent on development.
Para 3
Examine the main criticisms of the IMF.
Examine the differences between hyper globalisers and globalisation sceptics. (2020) 12
Para 1- One diffrence is that globalisation is exaggerated according to sceptics…Sceptics take a realist approach to globalisation arguing that its impact has been exaggerated this is because the state is still the main actor for a large majority if economic activity for example TNC’s are still tied to there nation states such as … sceptics would point to the south where globalisation has had little affect as they are still marginalised and not linked to the global economy ie ..Hyperglobalists argue that globalisation is not exaggerated but still highly relevent and its impact has been significant in contributing to global economic activity as well as increased cooperation and peace. this is because globalisation has resulted in a complex webb of interconnectedness whereby states are all connected and are forced to work together for mutual gain ie
Para 2- globalisation threatens sovereignty.. Another difference is that according to hyperglobalists who take a liberal progressive approach to the impact of globalisation argue that because of its significant impact the importance of nation state authority and sovereignty is decreasing due to the economic logic of the global market for example .. has to work with other countries in order to increase its economic activity and because of globalisation and the increased interdependence countries such as china , chilie are growing significantly.. This differs from sceptics who argue that sovereignty ( the idea that there is no higher power than the state) still resides within states . Regional and international governmental institution s such as UN , AU, NATO ETC are not signs of weakness or submission to a higher authority but bodies that help states pursue there objectives and grow their power
Para 3-gloablisations inevitability- Hyperglobalists argue that globalisation is inevitable and its only going to have a greater significant impact on nation states and technologically progress, and the widening and deepening of interconnectedness will increase international understanding , spread the ideas of liberal democracy and human rights culture which will create a truly globalised civilisation , where as sceptics believe that the idea that globalisation is inevitable is a social construct created for the west to keep pushing there own agenda and ideas specifically the US which is why they are the creators of some igos
Summarise the differences between sceptics and hyperglobalists
Para 1- - Impact exaggerated according to sceptics because the state is still the main actor for a large majority if economic activity for example TNC’s are still tied to there nation states. furthermore places in the south are marginalised and not apart of the global economic economy.. where as hyperglobalists argue significant in contributing to global economic activity as well as increased cooperation and peace. this is because globalisation has resulted in a complex webb of interconnectedness
Para 2- Globalisation threatens sovereignty..according to hyperglobalists its significant impact the importance of nation state authority and sovereignty is decreasing due to the economic logic of the global market.. This differs from sceptics who argue that sovereignty still resides within states . Regional and international governmental institution s such as UN , AU, NATO help states pursue there objectives and grow their power
Para 3- Globalisation inevitability- according to hyperglobalists globalisation is inevitable as time progresses because of technological progressions and the spread of lliberal ideas .. sation is inevitable is a social construct created for the west to keep pushing there own agenda and ideas specifically the US which is why they are the creators of some igos
Summarise the main criticisms of the world bank and the IMF
Para 1- Unsuccessful in promoting its aims
Para 2- Dominated by the west- IMF headquarters are in Washington DC suggesting some involvment with the US gov, Majority of funding and vote shares come from the US.. World bank evidence=
Para 3- Ineffective. The world bank is an ineffective institution because there is too little spent on development. Evidence- the comparison between US military spending which is .. B and the WB spending on development which is 280 mill. Further evidence Dr Jim Yong Kim’s resignation. IMF evidence= Contributions to the global financial crisis
Summarise the main criticisms of the world bank and the IMF
Para 1- Unsuccessful in promoting its aims - World bank= saps for example in Bolivia with water supply suggesting that the world bank is not successful in promoting developing countries instead make there economic issues worse.
Para 2- Dominated by the west- IMF headquarters are in Washington DC suggesting some involvment with the US gov, Majority of funding and vote shares come from the US.. World bank evidence= US involvment in policy making. president of the world bank is David malpass
Para 3- Ineffective. The world bank is an ineffective institution because there is too little spent on development. Evidence- the comparison between US military spending which is .. B and the WB spending on development which is 280 mill. Further evidence Dr Jim Yong Kim’s resignation. IMF evidence= Contributions to the global financial crisis
