The skeleton Flashcards
what are the two divisions of the skeleton
axial and appendicular
how many bones is the axial skeleton made up of
80 bones across the longitudinal axis
what is the axial skeleton made up of
Made up of the skull, ribs sternum and vertebrae
what is the axial skeletons aim
- Aim is to support and protect,
- Vertical column protects spinal cord, ribcage protects heart and lungs and some abdominal organs such as the liver, spleen and kidney
what is the axial thorax made up of
sternum and ribs
describe the 3 parts of the sternum
- The sternum is divided into 3 bones
- The manubrium
- the body
- the xiphoid
what are the true ribs
1-7 these connect directly to the sternum by cartilage
what are the false ribs and what are the divisions of the false ribs
8-12
- divide into the vertebronchondral ribs which are 8-12 these connect by common cartilage indirectly to the sternum and floating ribs 11-12 these do not connect to the sternum
where is the angle in the sternum
- You count the ribs from bone 2 where there is an angle between the manubrium and body of the sternum, cannot count rib 1 because it sits under the calvicle
- T4/T5
describe the axial skeletons vertebral column
- Interlocked with each other and stacked to each other
- Have joints with the ribs in the thorax, ribs have joints with the vertebra in the thorax
- Designed to be supportive and flexible at the same time
- C1 (Atlas) sits at the top of the skull and this matches with the foramen magnum, allowing the passage of the spinal cord down the vertebrae column
- There are interverbal foremen holes these are the exit points for nerves to and from the peripheral nerves (PNS) to go into the spinal cord and communicate with the brain/ have motor neurones leaving through the interverbal foreman holes to the muscles and glands to elicit a response
what is the main aim of the appendicular skeleton
- locomotion – they are for movement and manipulating objects in space then moving them around
what is the appendicular skeleton made up of
upper and lower limb
how many bones does the appendicular skeleton has
has 126 bones
where is the connection point between the axial and appendicular skeleton
sternoclavicular joint
what are the bones in the upper limb
- pectoral girdle – clavicle, scapula,
- humerus – upper arm,
- radius and ulna – forearm (the radius is lateral),
- carpals (8)– wrist,
- metacarpals (5) – hand
- phalanges(14) which is the fingers
what bone does the ulna connect to
little finger bone on the medial side
what bone does the radius connect to
thumb bone on the lateral side
what are the two carpals
scaphoid and lunate, these articulate with the radius
why are there only 14 phalanges
thumb only has two phalanges (distal and proximal), the rest of the fingers have 3 phalanges – distal, middle and proximal
what bones is the lower limb made up of
- pelvis (sacrum),
- femus – thigh,
- tibia and fibula – lower leg,
- tarsals(7)- ankle,
- metatarsals(5) – foot,
- phalanges (14) – toes
what is the lower limb aim
movement and support
describe the femur
longest bone in the body it articulates at the hip joint with the pelvis, goes down to the knee meeting the tibia and fibula
describe the tibia and fibula
- Tibia bigger bone and stronger bone, medial side goes towards big toe
- Fibula – acts as a brace, it is on the lateral side of the leg and goes towards little toe section
what are the two tarsals
the talas and calcaneus (heel bone)
- talas is above the calcareous
what does the patella do
- Patella act as protection for tendons, tend to get damaged, goes over the joint to protect and strengthen it
what is the point of the upper limb
- not involved in motility or weight bearing therefore its stability has been sacrificed for mobility
what is the pectoral girdle
the set of bones which connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side
describe the pelvic girdle
- bony circle composed of the sacrum and right and left hip bones
- joint anteriorly at the pubic symphysis
- attaches free lower limb to axial skeleton
- built for stability, weight bearing and locomotion
made up of the
- illieum
- iliac
- pubis
does the clavicle hold the scapula away from the thorax
true
what are tuberosities
this is the place where the muscle attach
what runs between the greater and lesser tubercles
- bicipital groove
what is the obturator foramen bound by
ischium and pubic bones
what do we sit on
ischial tuberosities
