muscles

Question 1

what is the aim of the muscles

Answer 1

moves bones and holds them in place

- movement and posture

Question 2

is skeletal muscle under voluntary or non voluntary control

Answer 2

under voluntary control

Question 3

how is skeletal muscle attached to the bones

Answer 3

• Attach to bones directly or indirectly via tendons (mainly to the skeleton) and fascia (also organs such as the eye, and skin and face)

Question 4

what is the order for describing movement in latin

Answer 4

• The names are in latin and greek tend to go in the order for function/movement/positon for example flexor carpi radialis means flexion of carpuls on the radial side

Question 5

how to describe muscles attached to bones

Answer 5

• Bones they attached to or act on for example sternocleidomastoid means sternum clavicl mastoid – msucle on the neck

Question 6

describing muscles in terms of length and size in latin

Answer 6

• Length/size for example brevis is short, longus is long so peroneus longus means long fibular

Question 7

describing muscles in terms of shape in latin

Answer 7

• Shape – such as biceps (2 heads), triceps (3 heads) and deltoid (delta shaped like a triangle)

Question 8

what are the two types of fascia

Answer 8

these are superficial fascia and deep fascia

Question 9

describe superficial fascia

Answer 9

• This is loose connective tissue and fat

- Has a subcutaneous layer

Question 10

describe deep fascia

Answer 10

• Tough dense fibrous membrane that encircle compartments within the body, particulary limbs and muscle compartments grouping muscles together
• Attaches to the ridges on limb bones so it completley encricles the muscle
• For example you would group all the dorsiflexors together
• Investion fascia which means it is essentially avascular, innervated so can sense pain, mvoement, pressure, temperature, chemical environment
• Groups muscles with similar functions that also share the same nervo-vascular supply

Question 11

describe how blood moves up the leg

Answer 11

• Relatively unyielding fascia limits the outward expansion of the contracting msucles
• Force of msucle contraction directed towards the skeleton
• Deep veins are compressed so blood is pumped upwards agaisnt gravity
• Helped by valves within veins so flow is only in one direction

Question 12

what are the role of muscular compartments

Answer 12

• Help stabillise joints aiding the ligaments around joints

- Liotibial tract is a thicker band of fascia which helps stablise the hip and knee joint

Question 13

define fascia

Answer 13

fascia is connective tissue forming layers of variable thickness is all regions of the body
it is divided into superficial fascia which is found directly below the skin and deep fascia which encloses organs and tissues, deep fascia also separates muscles into groups

Question 14

what does fascia do

Answer 14

fascia constitutes the wrapping, packing and insulating materials of the deep structures of the body

Question 15

what is deep fascia

Answer 15

• it is a dense organised connective tissue layer

Question 16

what does fascia cover

Answer 16

it covers the whole body deep to subcutaneous tissue

Question 17

what are the extensions from the internal surface into individuals muscles called

Answer 17

• investing fascia

Question 18

what groups of muscles are grouped together in the fascia

Answer 18

groups of muscles with..

• the same function
• same nervous supply
• these are separated with others via thick sheets called inter muscular septa that attaches onto bones

Question 19

what are the muscle compartments of the arm and what are they responsible for

Answer 19

• anterior - flexion of forearm

- posterior - extension of forearm

Question 20

what are the muscle compartments of the forearm and what are they responsible for

Answer 20

• anterior - flexion of writs and digits

- posterior - extension of wrists and digits

Question 21

what are the muscle compartments of the thigh and what are they responsible for

Answer 21

• anterior - extensor of knee
• medial - adductor of leg
• posterior - flexion of knee and hip extension

Question 22

what are the muscle compartments of the leg and what are they responsible for

Answer 22

• anterior - dorsiflexion and extension of toes
• lateral - everts foot
• superficial posterior - planter flexor
• deep posterior- flexes digits and planter flexion

Question 23

what does the inter muscular septa divide

Answer 23

divides into muscle compartments

Question 24

what is the deltoids prime movement

Answer 24

abduction

Question 25

what is the pectoral movement

Answer 25

• flexion

- meidal rotation

Question 26

what is the role of the gluteus Maximus

Answer 26

• extension