Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FunMed Anatomy > Body Cavities > Flashcards

Body Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

How do you look at a CT or MRI

A
  • As if standing by the bedside at feet

- Right is to the left and left is to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the varying colours in CT and MRI

A
  • There are varying colours,
  • Air and fat are dark
  • Soft tissues are grey including blood
  • Bone is light grey
  • Metal is white
  • Can use a contrast media such as barium and iodine, these are taken into the tissues and help to enhancer overall picture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the connective tissue membranes

A
  • superficial fascia
  • deep fascia
  • periosteum
  • pericardium
  • synovium (synovial membrane)
  • fibrous pericardium
  • meninges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe superficial fascia

A
  • Under skin
  • Protection
  • Has fats which function as surface protections
  • Has some blood vessels
  • Also called the subcutaneous layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe deep fascia

A
  • Wrapping and picking are functions
  • Dense CT
  • Surrounds and separates individual muscle compartments (intermuscular septum) and neurovascular bundles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two types of compartment syndrome you can get due to deep fascia

A
  • acute compartment syndrome

- chronic compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe acute compartment syndrome and how you treat it

A
  • Fascia is not elastic so there is no room for movement
  • If you get trauma then inflammation then this results in acute compartment syndrome – this is a medical emergency
  • Have to cut open fasciotomy to release the fascia – surgeon cuts through the fascia to release pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is chronic compartment syndrome due to

A

– due to exercise, over use of the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the periosteum

A
  • Periosteum are fibrous connective tissue this surrounded the bone, fascia of the tendon continuous with the fascia of the bone, the periosteum is continued here
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the structure of the periosteum

A

This is the basis for fractures as the periosteum is pulled away and the bone is fractured underneath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes a fracture in the bone

A

has an outer fibrous layer

has an inner layer that produces cells when neededd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the perichondrium do

A
  • Perichondrium surrounds the cartilage, expect at articulating joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the structure of the perichondrium

A

inner and outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens as there is no perichondrium at the joints

A

if there is no perichondrium at the joints therefore when the cartilage wears there is no cells to repair it and replace it and causes osteogenesis arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the synovium do

A

lines joint cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the structure of the synovium

A

outer fibrous layer

inner layer - this secretes synovial fluid in the joints including sugars and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the fibrous pericardium do

A

forms a sac around the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the structure fo the fibrous pericardium

A
  • It has 3 layers
  • Outer fibrous layers – attaches to the diagram and the great vessels this is called the fibrous pericardium
  • Then there is an inner layer called the serous pericardium which is divided into two this is the parietal and visceral pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the inner serous layer of the pericardium divided into

A
  • the parietal layer

- the visceral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the parietal layer adhere to

A

attaches to the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the visceral layer adhere to

A
  • the visceral fibres adhere to the organ, so therefore it attaches to the organ itself
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do the meninges do

A

– covers the brain and spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges in the brain and spinal cord

A
  • Dura mater
  • arachnid mater
  • pia mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does the dura mater divide into

A
  • the periosteal layer - adheres to the bone
  • the meningeal layer - adheres to the archnoid layer underneath
  • these give rise fo the sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what stops the brain from spinning around

A

the cerebry

26
Q

what are the body cavities

A
  • cranial
  • vertebral
  • thoracic
  • abdominoplevic
27
Q

what is the membranes of the cranial body cavity

A
  • Brain – meninges (Connective Tissue)
28
Q

what is the membrane of the vertebral canal body cavity

A
  • Spinal cord meninges (Connective Tissue)
29
Q

what is the membrane of the

thoracic cavity

A
  • Lungs – pleura (Serous connective tissue)

- Heart – pericardium (Connective Tissue and Serous connective tissue)

30
Q

what is the membrane of the abdominopelvic

A
  • Digestive and urogenital organs, spleen – peritoneum (serous connective tissue)
31
Q

whats the difference between serous connective tissue and connective tissue

A

serous connective tissue allows fluid to be secreted into the cavities

32
Q

what are the two parts of the serous membrane

A
  • parietal

- visceral

33
Q

describe the serous membrane function

A

prevents adhesions

34
Q

where is the serous membranes located

A
  • Pleurae – surround the lungs
  • Pericardium - surround the heart
  • Peritoneum – surrounds abdominopelvic cavity
35
Q

describe the structure of the serous membrane

A
  • Serous membrane double layered serous sac
  • Filled with small amount of serious fluid
  • Potential space
  • Visceral layer is next to organ so it is inner
  • Parietal layer lines the body cavity, attaches on the surface and lines surfaces
36
Q

describe the strucuture of the serous membrane in the pleurae

A
  • Visceral pleura is tight too the lungs
  • Parietal pleura
  • Cavity in-between were serous fluid is secreted this allows for the lungs to expand and reduces friction
37
Q

why is the visceral pleurae not sensitive to pain

A

– innervation from vagus nerve, visceral nerves, only sensitive to stretch no map

38
Q

why is the parietal pleura sensitive to pain

A

– very sensitive to pain – inneravation from the intercostal nerve that expand out from spinal segment – innervated by somatic nerves, has a map

39
Q

what is the diaphragm innervated by

A
  • innervated by the phrenic nerve - C3, C4, C5
40
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

– area in the chest in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, everything in-between apart from the lungs, such as the heart, the pericardium, the thymus, the great vessel

41
Q

what happens when there is irritation from the intercostal nerve

A

then there is localised pain

42
Q

what happens if there is irritation in the phrenic nerve

A
  • Irritation in the phrenic nerve then you get pain that is referred, diaphragm get pain in shoulder as it passes back through the roots, c3, c4, c5
43
Q

what happens in a pneumothorax

A
  • This is where there is a penetrating wound that burst through the two layers of the pleurae (visceral and parietal) and the air will expand inside the lungs and inside the pleural cavity
  • This compresses the lung
  • Every time you breath in air if there is a breach in the visceral pleural then this makes air escape and this compresses the lung more
  • causes a drop in blood volume which is deathly
44
Q

what does a pneumothorax look like in a CT scan

A
  • radio opaque
45
Q

what is a spontaneous pneumothorax due to

A

without injury due to asthma, COPD, smokers

46
Q

what happens when you have a build up of blood in the heart

A
  • If you have a cause of build- up in the cavity then you are going to be restricted and this causes problems in terms of expansion and the pumping functions of the heart
  • So when that happens this can breach the pericardium and this can cause fluid leaking out
  • If you have damage to heart blood and fluid goes into the cavity and causes fluid build up, cannot prevent heart from expanding, ventricles can no longer beat
  • Would require needle inserted into the heart to drain the fluid that is trapped
  • Most common cause is injury and trauma, can get rupture of the heart muscle – this can happen if you have MI, and this can cause the bleed, viral infections can cause inflammation of the cardial
47
Q

why do you have to breath in and out during an x ray

A
  • The fibrous pericardium is inelastic, it attaches to the diaphragm, important in x rays when you breath in an out the heart will be in a different position, when the diaphragm moves down the heart elongates as the fibrous pericardium is attached to the diaphragm
48
Q

9 quadrant picture

A

Right hypochondrium/epigastrium/left hypochondrium
Left lumbar/ umbilical region/ left lumbar
Right iliac region/ hypogastric region/left iliac region

49
Q

describe the peritoneum in the abdominopelvic cavity

A
  • Fatty substance that helps hold everything in place and protects the organs,
  • Fatty areas that hold the organs in place
50
Q

Describe the alimentary system

A

this is the mouth to the anus

51
Q

describe the gastrointesintal system

A

mouth to anus but includes organs like liver and gallbladder

52
Q

what does the mesentery proper do

A

holds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

53
Q

omental bursa

A

lesser sac

54
Q

wat does the transverse mesocolon do

A

– attaches transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall

55
Q

what does the lesser omentum do

A

attaches stomach to liver

56
Q

what does the greater omentum do

A

attaches the transverse colon to the stomach

57
Q

describe the coronary ligament

A

reflexion is when something reflects back, these are reflections and folds, it folds back on itself, made up of the left and right coronary ligament

58
Q

what are the structures that are outside the peritoneum (retroperitoneal)

A

– rectum, pancreas and urinary bladder and the duodenum and spleen – only have partial peritoneum on inside

59
Q

what is the greater sac

A
  • peritoneal cavity outside the lesser sac
60
Q

when does the oesophagus, vena cava and aorta penetrate the diaphragm

A

Oesophagus at T10, for vena cava T8, aorta T12 penetrate the diaphragm

FunMed Anatomy (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions