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FunMed Anatomy > Anatomical Terms > Flashcards

Anatomical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What does the anatomical position describe

A
  • Describes positional relationship and the direction of travel of anatomical structures
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the anatomical position

A

allows communication between different langauages

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3
Q

describe what the anatomical position looks like

A
  • standing up
  • hands at the sides
  • palms facing forward
  • feet together

when laying down in anatomical position

  • supine means face up
  • pronine means face down
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4
Q

what are the different types of planes

A
  • the sagittal plane (median)
  • parasagittal plane
  • frontal (coronal) plane
  • transverse plane
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5
Q

describe the median plane

A
  • The Median plane (or the median sagittal plane) goes down the centre of the body vertically, this divides the body structures into left and right, it also divides individual body parts.
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6
Q

describe the sagittal planes

A

planes that are also vertical, they are parallel to the median planes.

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7
Q

describe the frontal (coronal) planes

A

planes are vertical, this divides the body into anterior and posterior sites,

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8
Q

describe the transverse planes

A

pass through the median and frontal plane at right angles, dives the body into superior and inferior sides, - radiologist use the word Axial planes

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9
Q

what are the sections of the anatomical body planes

A
  • longitudinal - run parallel
  • transerve - cut at right angles to longitudinal axis
  • oblique - diagonal, doesn’t lie in any of the planes
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10
Q

define medial

A

towards the midline

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11
Q

define lateral

A

away from the midline

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12
Q

superior

A

above another

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13
Q

inferior

A

when one structure is below another

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14
Q

define anterior (ventral)

A

in front

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15
Q

define posterior(dorsal)

A

at back

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16
Q

define Proximal

A

closer to

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17
Q

define distal

A

further away from

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18
Q

describe the proximal and distal part of the arm as an example

A

forearm and arm, proximal part of the arm, and proximal part of the forearm, distal part of the arm and distal part of the forearm or the hand is distal to the elbow

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19
Q

what is superficial

A

near the skin

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20
Q

what is deep

A

anything that is further away from the surface and the centre of the tissue

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21
Q

What are the two skeletons

A

axial and appendicular

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22
Q

what is the axial skeleton

A

chest area and the head

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23
Q

what is the appendicular skeleton

A

Upper limb and Lower limb

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24
Q

describe where the dorsal cavity is

A

The back of the body and is the smallest out of the two

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25
Q

describe what the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity does

A

Cranial cavity protects the brain whereas the vertebral cavity protects the spinal cord, they are both continuous with each other

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26
Q

describe what the ventral body cavity does

A

at the front and encloses the internal organs, there are 3 subdivisions of the ventral body cavity

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27
Q

what are the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity

A

thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

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28
Q

How many sections of the thoracic cavity are there

A

3 sections

29
Q

describe the sections of the thoracic body cavity

A

2 pleural
1 pericardial
- It is divided into two by the mediastinum into left and right sides.

30
Q

what does the thoracic cavity contain

A

contains the lungs, heart, oesophagus, trachea, thymus, blood vessels and nerves

31
Q

what is the abdominal cavity enclosed by

A

abdominal muscles

32
Q

what does the abdominal cavity include

A

the stomach intestines, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and kidneys

33
Q

what is the pelvic cavity enclosed by

A

enclosed by the pelvic bone

34
Q

what does the pelvic cavity include

A

it includes the bladder, part of the large intestine and the internal reproductive organs as well as the rectum

35
Q

what does the diaphragm separate

A

separates the superior thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, but it is continuous between abdominal and pelvic cavities.

36
Q

whats the word for the arm

A

upper limb

37
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the arm

A

arm is from shoulder to elbow
forearm is from elbow to wrist
hand which is from the wrist distally

38
Q

What is the leg Called

A

lower limb

39
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the leg

A

there is the thigh from the hip to the knee
leg from the knee to the ankle
the foot from the ankle distally

40
Q

name the vertebrae columns

A
  • Cervical 7 vertebrae, C1-C7
  • Thoracic 12 vertebrae, T1-T12
  • Lumbar 5 vertebrae L1-L5
  • Sacrum 1 (5 fused)
  • Coccyx 1 (2-5 fused vertebrase)
41
Q

name the region for the 9 section abdomen region

A
  • Right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium
  • Right flank, umbilical region, left flank
  • Right iliac region, suprapubic region, left iliac region
42
Q

what does bilateral mean

A

one on right and one of left, - two sides of the body, e.g. the kidney

43
Q

what does unilateral mean

A
  • If only on one side of the body then they are unilateral

- the spleen

44
Q

what does ipsilateral mean

A
  • If they are on the same side of the body they are ipsilateral e.g. the right thigh and right arm
45
Q

what does contralateral mean

A

occurs on opposite side of the body, e.g. right hand is contradical to the left hand

46
Q

where do flexion and extension occur

A
  • Flexion and extension occur in sagittal planes around a transverse axis
47
Q

describe flexion movement

A

decreases angle between bones and part of the body

- indicated bending

48
Q

describe extension movement

A

increases the angle between the bones and parts of the body

- indicates straighting

49
Q

what is dorsiflexion

A

flexion of the foot in upwards direction

50
Q

what is plantar flexion

A

is movement of the foot in downwards direction

51
Q

where does dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur

A

occurs at the ankle joint

52
Q

what is hyperextension

A

this is the extension of the limb beyond the normal region of movement
- causes whiplash

53
Q

where does abduction and adduction occur

A

occurs in frontal plane around an anterior posterior axis

54
Q

what is abduction

A

is moving away from the median along the frontal plane

55
Q

what is adduction

A

is moving towards the median in the frontal plane

56
Q

what is circumduction

A

circular movement, involves abduction, adduction and flexion, extension, distal end of the limb moves in a circle

57
Q

what is rotation

A

rotating limb around longitudinal axis,

  • medial rotation brings anterior surface of limb to median plane
  • lateral rotation takes anteriror surface of limb away from the median plane
58
Q

what is the name of rotational movements of forearm and Hand

A

pronation and supination

59
Q

describe pronation

A

– rotates radius bone medially so palm faces posteriorly and dorsal of the hand faces anteriorly

60
Q

describe supination

A

rotates bone laterally and returns forearm to anatomical postion

61
Q

whats the name of movements of the foot

A

inversion and eversion

62
Q

describe inversion

A

moved towards median plane, when fully inverted plantar flex

63
Q

describe eversion

A

turned away from the median plane, dorsflexed

64
Q

where does inversion and eversion happen

A

subtalar joint

65
Q

what is elevation

A

this is raising or moving a part superiorly

66
Q

what is depression

A

lowering or moving a part inferiorly

67
Q

what is protection

A

moving jaw outwards

68
Q

what is retraction

A

moving jaw inwards

FunMed Anatomy (22 decks)

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