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Musculoskeletal System > The Shoulder joint > Flashcards

The Shoulder joint Flashcards

1
Q

What joints are involved in movement of the shoulder?

A
  • Glenohumeral

- Scapulothoracic

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2
Q

What is the articulating surface of the SJ?

A

-Between the head of humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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3
Q

What lines the articulating surface of the GHJ?

A

-Hyaline articular cartilage

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4
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

-A fibrocartilaginous rim which deepens the glenoid cavity and increases the area of articulation

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5
Q

What is the cost of the shoulder joint being extremely mobile?

A

-It is the least stable joint

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6
Q

What makes the shoulder joint unstable?

A
  • Sits shallowly in glenoid cavity
  • Disproportionate articular surfaces
  • Multiplanar movement
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7
Q

How is stability of the SJ achieved?

A
  • Rotator Cuff muscles
  • Ligaments
  • Capsule
  • Other muscles
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8
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

-Synovial ball and socket joint

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9
Q

What is the anatomical location of the capsule?

A
  • Extends from glenoid labrum and glenoid cavity margins to anatomical neck of humerus
  • Bridges the intertubecular groove
  • Dips medially to the surgical neck
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10
Q

There is a small anterior gap in the capsule, what does this allow?

A

-Continuation of synovial membrane into subscapular bursa

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11
Q

What lines the fibrous capsule?

A

-Synovial membrane

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12
Q

Within the joint cavity, what does the synovial membrane line?

A
  • Capsule
  • Bone upto articulating cartilage
  • Tubular sleeve around tendon of biceps
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13
Q

What is the function of the capsule of the SJ?

A

-Provide support as it is tough but lax to allow movement

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14
Q

Describe the intracapsular ligaments

A

-Fibrous bands which lay within the capsule and extend from the glenoid labrum to the humurus

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15
Q

Name the intracapsular ligaments

A

-Superior, middle and inferior gleno-humeral ligaments

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16
Q

Where, anatomically, do the intracapsular ligament provide support?

A
  • Anteriorly

- Inferiorly

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17
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments of the SJ

A
  • Coracoacromial ligament (CAL)
  • Coraco-humeral ligament (CHL)
  • Coracoclavicular ligament (CCL)
  • Transverse humeral ligament (THL)
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18
Q

Where is the coracoacromial ligament?

A

-Between the acromion and the coracoid process

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19
Q

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

-Holds tendon of long head of biceps in place during movement

20
Q

Where anatomically do the extracapsular ligaments provide support?

A

-Superiorly

21
Q

What is the function of the coracoacromial arch?

A

-A strong structure which overlies the humeral head and prevents upper displacement of the humerus

22
Q

Besides the rotator cuff, which other muscle support the SJ?

A
  • Deltoid

- Long head of biceps and triceps

23
Q

What structures lie inbetween the acromion and the humeral head? Why is this significant?

A

-Subacromial busa
-Rotator Cuff tendons
-Fibrous capsule
(Synovial membrane)
-Tendon of long head of biceps
-Synovial membrane
Any of these structures are at risk of impingement on aBduction

24
Q

What are bursae?

A

-Small sacs filled with synovial fluid and lined with synovial membrane

25
Q

What is the function of bursa?

A

-Facilitates movements of structures upon one another by reducing friction

26
Q

What are the two main bursae in the SJ?

A
  • Subscapular bursa

- Subacromial bursa

27
Q

What is the function of the subscapular bursa?

A

-Facilitate movement of subscapularis tendon over scapula

28
Q

What is the function of the subacromial bursa?

A

-Facilitate movement of supraspinatus tendon under CAA and deltoid over the SJ capsule/humerus

29
Q

What muscles are responsible for flexion of the arm?

A
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps brachii
  • Pectoralis major
  • Anterior deltoid fibres
30
Q

What muscles are responsible for extension of the arm?

A
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Teres major
  • Posterior deltoid
31
Q

What muscles are responsible for aBduction of the arm?

A
  • Supraspinatus (0-15)
  • Deltoid (15-90)
  • Trapezius and serratus anterior (above 90)
32
Q

What muscles are responsible for ADduction?

A
  • Lat Dorsi
  • Teres major
  • Pec major
33
Q

What muscles are responsible for medial rotation?

A
  • Lat dorsi
  • Teres major
  • Subscapularis
  • Pec major
34
Q

What muscles are responsible for lateral rotation?

A
  • Infraspinatus

- Teres minor

35
Q

What nerves supply the shoulder joint?

A
  • Suprascapular
  • Axillary
  • Subscapular
  • Lateral pectoral
36
Q

What arteries supply the shoulder joint?

A
  • Anterior and posterior humeral cicumflex from axillary

- Suprascapular from right subclavian

37
Q

How is the axillary nerve vulnerable to injury around the shoulder joint?

A
  • Between deltoid and humerus in intramuscular injections
  • In the space just below shoulder joint and just above teres major, from anterior dislocations
  • During fractures of the surgical neck of humerus
38
Q

What is the consequence of axillary nerve injury?

A
  • Loss of sensation over regimetals badge
  • Paralysis of deltoid
  • Loss of ABduction
39
Q

In which direction does the shoulder joint usually dislocate?

A

-Anterior, inferiorly (due to this being the least supported area)

40
Q

How does an anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint usually occur?

A

-Trauma to the arm when it is fully abducted

41
Q

What is the consequence of capsule or rotator cuff tear accompanying a shoulder dislocation?

A

-Poor healing with increased chance of recurrent dislocation

42
Q

What is painful arc syndrome?

A

-Pain on abduction of the arm between 50 and 130degrees caused by supraspinatus rubbing under the coracoacromial arch or impingement

43
Q

Which bursa is likely to become inflamed in painful arc syndrome?

A

-Subacromial bursa

44
Q

Which tendon can become inflamed in painful arc syndrome and what is this called?

A
  • Supraspinatus tendon

- Supraspinatus tendonitis

45
Q

What are the predisposing factors to painful arc syndrome?

A
  • Repetitive overuse eg racquet sports, occupation with arms overhead
  • Age -> degeneration of tendons
  • Avascularity of supraspinatus tendon

Musculoskeletal System (34 decks)

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