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Musculoskeletal System > Session 1 - Bones and joints > Flashcards

Session 1 - Bones and joints Flashcards

0
Q

Why is a fat embolism a possible complication of a break?

A

-If lipid escapes from the yellow marrow within a bone and enters a broken vessel it can cause a fat embolus

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1
Q

What are the main functions of the skeleton?

A
  • Support
  • Protect
  • Shape
  • Movement
  • Mineral storage
  • Haematopoeisis
  • Lipid storage
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2
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A
  • Skull
  • Vertebral Column
  • Rib Cage
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3
Q

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

A

-Protect and support

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4
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

-Upper and Lower limbs

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5
Q

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

-Mobility

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6
Q

What are the 5 types of bone?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular (pneumatic)
  • Sesamoid
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7
Q

Define tuberosity

A

-Roughened, rounded elevation, often site of muscle attachment

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8
Q

Define tubercle

A

-Small rounded elevation, often site of muscle attachment

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9
Q

Define meatus

A

-Tunnel/canal

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10
Q

Define fissure

A

-Cleft or narrow slit

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11
Q

Define facet

A

-Flattened surface for joint/muscle attachment

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12
Q

Define foramen

A

-Hole or opening

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13
Q

Define sinus

A

-Hollow space

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14
Q

Define condyle

A

Large prominence or rounded surface

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15
Q

Define epicondyle

A

-Smaller prominence above a condyle which is often the site of muscle attachment

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16
Q

Define spine/spinous process

A

-Slender projection

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17
Q

Define fossa

A

-Depression

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18
Q

Define notch

A

-Large groove

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19
Q

Define crest

A

-Ridge

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20
Q

Name the three classifications of joints

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
21
Q

What determines joint classification?

A

-The type of tissue which joins the joint

22
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

-An immovable joint which is fixed by connective tissue

23
Q

Give an example of a fibrous joint

A
  • Sutures of skull
  • Syndesmosis of radius and ulna
  • Gomphosis of teeth
24
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joint?

A

-Primary and secondary

25
Q

What is a synchondrosis?

A

-A cartilaginous joint connected by hyaline cartilage (ie a primary cartilaginous joint)

26
Q

What is a symphysis?

A

-A cartilaginous joint which is connected by fibrocartilage (ie a secondary cartilaginous joint)

27
Q

Give an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?

A

-Only 1 permanent in the body -> the 1st sternocostal joint

28
Q

Why are some primary cartilaginous joints not permanent joints?

A

-They are the epiphyseal growth plates which close after growth

29
Q

Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint

A
  • Extensive throughout body
  • Pubic symphysis
  • IVD
  • Menisci of knee
30
Q

What are the three defining features of a synovial joint?

A
  • Articular capsule
  • Synovial fluid
  • Articular cartilage
31
Q

What makes up an articular capsule of a synovial joint?

A

-The fibrous capsule and the synovium/synovial membrane

32
Q

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?

A

-Hyaline

33
Q

What types of accessory structures do some synovial joints have?

A
  • Ligaments

- Menisci

34
Q

A hinge joint permits what movement?

A

-Flexion and extension

35
Q

Give an example of a hinge joint

A

-Elbow

36
Q

A saddle joint permits what movement?

A
  • Side to side

- Anterior/Posterior

37
Q

Give an example of a saddle joint

A

-The carpometacarpal joint of 1st digit (ie between trapezium and 1st metacarpal)

38
Q

What type of movement does a ball and socket joint permit?

A

-Movement in several axes

39
Q

Describe a ball and socket joint

A

-Rounded head fits into a concavity

40
Q

Give an example of a ball and socket joint

A
  • Shoulder

- Hip

41
Q

What movement does a pivot joint permit?

A

-Rotation

42
Q

Describe a pivot joint

A

-Bony process fits into a ligamentous socket

43
Q

Give an example of a pivot joint

A

-Atlantoaxial joint

44
Q

What type of movement does a condyloid joint permit?

A
  • Extension
  • Flexion
  • Circumduction
  • ADduction
  • ABduction
45
Q

Give an example of a condyloid joint

A

-Metacarpo-phalangeal joint

46
Q

What movement does a plane joint permit?

A

-sliding/gliding

47
Q

Give an example of a plane joint

A

-Acromioclavicular joint

48
Q

What 3 things determine joint stability?

A
  • Ligaments
  • Depth of articular surface
  • Muscles/muscle tone
49
Q

In which direction is a sagittal plane?

A

-From forehead to crown

50
Q

In which direction is a coronal plane?

A

-From ear to ear

51
Q

In which direction is a transverse plane?

A

-Horizontal

Musculoskeletal System (34 decks)

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