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Musculoskeletal System > Session 4 - Dermatomes > Flashcards

Session 4 - Dermatomes Flashcards

1
Q

What does the scleretome develop into?

A

-Vertebrae and ribs

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2
Q

What does dermamyotome develop into?

A

-Dermis and muscles

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3
Q

What does the neural tube of an embryo develop into?

A

-The spinal cord

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4
Q

What is filum terminale?

A

-The slender tapering terminal of the spinal cord

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5
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

-The conical end of the spinal cord, at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae

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6
Q

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

A

-Begins at medulla of brain and finishes at the conus medullaris at L2/L3 where it tapers into a ligament

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7
Q

How does the spinal cord run through the vertebrae?

A

-Through the spinal canal formed by successive vertebral formina

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8
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A

-To cover the spinal cord for protection

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9
Q

What is an intervertebral foreman?

A

-An opening formed in the midline between two successive vertebrae

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10
Q

What is are paired segmental nerves?

A

-The pair of spinal nerve (L+R) which specifically arise from every level of the spinal cord

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11
Q

How do segmental nerves leave the spinal canal?

A

-Through intervertebral foreman

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12
Q

Do segmental nerves/spinal nerves leave the spinal canal superior or inferior to their corresponding vertebral levels?

A

-In the cervical cord, spinal nerves exit superior to their corresponding vertebrae and in the thoracic, lumbar and sacral cords the segmental nerves leave inferior to the corresponding levels

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13
Q

Why is it clinically relevant that nerves leave the spinal canal through intervertebral foramen?

A

-The intervertebral foramen are heavily offset from the spinal cord where the nerve root lies and the nerve can become strangulated (foramen hernia strangulation)

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14
Q

Are the segments of the spinal cord all peripherally attached to each other?

A

-No, each spinal segment has independance of connection to the periphery (although the segments themselves are neurally connected to each other)

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15
Q

What do sensory nerve supply?

A

-Discrete segments of skin known as terratories

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16
Q

What do motor nerves supply?

A

-Myotomes

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17
Q

What is a neural level and how does it differ to a vertebral level?

A

-A neural level is a segment of the spinal cord
-A vetebral level is the vertebrae of the spine
They are in different anatomical locations

18
Q

Why, and where, does the spinal cord vary in its thickness?

A

-Thicker in its cervical and lumbar segments as it has excessive neural tissue for the upper and lower limb, respectively

19
Q

Why are segmental nerves described as mixed spinal nerves?

A

-As the spinal nerve leaves the intervertebral foramen it branches into small dorsal and large ventral rami which contain both sensory and motor functions

20
Q

What happens to dorsal rami as it emerges from the intervertebral foramen?

A

-It divides into medial and lateral branches; one of which is sensory and the other is motor and sensory

21
Q

From where does the upper limb receive its nerve supply?

A
  • Brachial plexus

- T2 roots

22
Q

From where does the lower limb receive its nerve supply?

A

-The lumbar plexus (L1-L4)
-The sacral plexus (L4-S4)
NB. lumbar and sacral plexus overlap half and half of L4

23
Q

From which landmark muscle do the nerves of the lumbar plexus emerge?

A

-Psoas major

24
Q

Which nerve emerge laterally to psoas major?

A
  • The femoral
  • Iliohypogastric
  • Ilioinguinal
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
25
Q

Which nerves of the lumbar plexus emerge medial to psoas major?

A
  • The obturator nerve

- The lumbosacral trunk

26
Q

Where does the sacral plexus form?

A

-In the pelvic cavity

27
Q

What does the sacral plexus supply?

A
  • Pelvic region
  • Gluteal region
  • Perineal region
  • The lower limb via sciatic nerve
28
Q

What is meant by functional overlap of dermatomes?

A

-An area of skin may be supplied by 2 successive spinal nerves

29
Q

Why is overlap functionally beneficial?

A

-Reduces the probability of skin patches without sensory nerve supply when there is damage to a single spinal nerve.

30
Q

What happens to the ordered segmentation of dermatomes which originally forms in an embryo?

A

-It is altered during development as they become pulled into the limb buds during griwth and differentiation

31
Q

What are axial lines?

A

-Junctions between non-successive dermatomes eg C6 and T1

32
Q

What are pre and post-axial borders?

A

-The anterior and posterior axial lines

33
Q

How do dermatomes differ from nerve terratories?

A
  • Dermatomes are the spinal level which serves the specific area of skin
  • Nerve territories refers to the specific nerve which supplies the area of skin
34
Q

Describe the dermatomes of the anterior upper limb

A
  • C4 - over the tip of the shoulder
  • C5- Radial third of upper arm to mid forearm
  • C6- The thumb and the middle forearm and arm
  • C7-2nd, 3rd and 4th digit and accompanying palm to a V
  • C8- 5th digit, accompanying palm to just over wrist
  • T1- Ulnar forearm to mid upperarm
  • T2- Axilla
35
Q

Describe the dermatomes of the posterior upper limb

A
  • C4 - Shoulder
  • C5 - midline of arm to lateral edge
  • C6-Lateral third forearm and thumb
  • C7- Middl three fingers and middle third of forearm to elbow
  • C8 - 5th digit and medial forearm to midpoint
  • T1 - Medial third forearm from midpoint to axilla
  • T2-Axilla
36
Q

Which of the lumbar/sacral plexuses mainly supplies the anterior/posterior lower limb?

A
  • Lumbar supplies anterior

- Sacral supplies posterior

37
Q

Describe the dermatomes of the anterior lower limb

A
  • L1 - groin
  • L2- superior half of thigh
  • L3- Inferior half of thigh
  • L4 - Medial half leg
  • L5-Lateral half of leg and first three digits of foot with associated dorsum
  • S1- lateral two digits ans associated dorsum
  • S2/3 - Penis
38
Q

Describe the dermatomes of the posterior lower limb

A
  • S5/S4/S3 - Gluteal region in rings
  • S2-Middle stripe of thigh and leg
  • S1 - sole of foot
  • L5- lateral border of leg
  • L4- medial border of leg
  • L3- medial border of thigh
  • L2- lateral border of thigh
39
Q

Describe the nerve territories of the anterior upper limb

A
  • Shoulder -> supraclavicular
  • Regimental badge-> axillary
  • Lateral third of arm-> Posterior antebrachial cutaneous
  • Middle third of arm ->Meidial antebrachial cutaneous
  • Medial third of arm -> intercostal brachial and medial brachial cut.
  • Lateral half of forearm -> Lateral antebrachial cutaneous
  • Medial half of forearm-> Medial antebrachial cutaneous
40
Q

Describe the cutaneous innervation (nerve territories) of the lower limb

A
  • Lateral third thigh- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Middle third of thigh and knee-> Anterior femoral cutaneous
  • Medial third-> split into 3 from sup to inf-? genitofemoral, ilioinguinal and obturator
  • Lateral leg-> Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
  • Medial leg -> Saphenous nerve
41
Q

What does a somite differentiate into?

A
  • Ventral somite differentiates into scleretome

- Dorsal somite differentiates into dermomyotome

Musculoskeletal System (34 decks)

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