Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal System > The Hand > Flashcards

The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Name the intrinsic muscles of the hand

A
  • Interossei (7; 3 palmar 4 dorsal)
  • Lumbricals (4)
  • Thenar eminence (3)
  • Hypothenar eminence (3)
  • Adductor pollicis (1)
  • Palmaris brevis (1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the interossei?

A
  • Flex the straight finger (metacarpophalageal joint)
  • Adduction
  • Abduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which interossei adduct and which abduct?

A
  • PAD and DAB
  • Palmar adduct
  • Dorsal abduct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nerve supplies the interossei?

A

-Ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you test the palmar interossei?

A
  • Palm down on a flat surface

- Insert ruler between fingers and try to pull free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you test the dorsal interossei?

A

-Squeeze the fingers together and get patient to try to resist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the functions of the lumbricals?

A
  • Extension of the interphalangeal joints

- Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do the lumbricals arise from?

A

-The 4 tendons of FDP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What nerve serves the lateral to lumbricals?

A

-median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What nerve serves the medial two lumbricals?

A

-Ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the consequence of denervation of the lumbricals?

A
  • Ulnar claw (medial two)

- Hand of benediction (lateral two)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What three muscles make the thenar eminence?

A
  • Opponens pollicis
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve supplies the thenar eminence?

A

-Median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscles make the hypothenar eminence?

A
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Flexor digiti minimi
  • Opponens digiti minimi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does abductor digiti minimi arise from?

A

-The tendon of FCU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What nerve supplies the hypothenar eminence?

A

-Ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerve damage is associated with atrophy of the thenar eminence

A

-Median nerve compression ie carpal tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is palmaris brevis?

A

-Overlays the hypothenar eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerve supplies palmaris brevis?

A

-Ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of palmaris brevis?

A
  • Tightens palmar aponeurosis

- Improves grip by pulling skin of ulnar side of hand to centre

21
Q

What is the function of adductor pollicis?

A

-Adduct the thumb

22
Q

What are the two heads of adductor pollicis?

A
  • Transverse

- Oblique

23
Q

What nerve supplies adductor pollicis?

A

-Ulnar nerve

24
Q

What passes between the two heads of adductor pollicis?

A

-Radial artery

25
Q

List the layers of the hand from superficial to deep

A
  • Skin
  • Subcutenous tissue
  • Fascia
  • Palmar aponeurosis
  • Muscle compartments
  • Carpal bones
26
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A
  • A compartment which passes through the wrist
  • Formed by two layers -> carpal arch from capral bones
  • Flexor retinaculum forms the roof
27
Q

What travels through the carpal tunnel?

A
  • 4 tendons of FDS
  • 4 tendons of FDP
  • Tendon of Floxor pollicis longus
  • Median nerve
28
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

-Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

29
Q

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • Aching of the wrist and/or forearm

- Parasthesia of the 1st and second digits

30
Q

Where does the blood supply to the hand originate from?

A

-The radial and ulnar arteries

31
Q

Describe the path of the radial artery after it has passed the wrist

A
  • Crosses the wrist and travels dorsally across the anatomical snuff box
  • Gives off a branch proximal to the thumb; superficial palmar branch of radial artery
32
Q

Describe the path of the ulnar artery after it has passed the wrist

A

-Passes over flexor retinaculum and divides into deep and superficial branches

33
Q

What forms the superficial palmer arch?

A

-The superficial branches of the ulnar and radial arteries

34
Q

What forms the deep palmar arch?

A

-Deep branch of ulnar artery anastamoses with radial artery as it passes through the two heads of adductor pollicis

35
Q

What branches arise from the deep palmar arch?

A

-Palmar metacarpal arteries

36
Q

What branches arise from the superficial palmer arch?

A

-Common palmer digital arteries

37
Q

What forms the digital arteries?

A

-Anastomoses of common palmar digital arteries and palmar metacarpal arteries

38
Q

Describe venous supply to the hand

A

-A dorsal network of veins drains into the superficial cephalic and basilic veins

39
Q

What does the median nerve supply in the hand? (motor and sensory)

A
  • Innervates Thenar eminance and lateral two lumbricals
  • Sensory innervation of lateral 3 and a half digits, the associated palm (except for small area over thenar eminence) and the back of the 3 and half finger tips
40
Q

What does the radial nerve supply in the hand?

A
  • No motor function
  • Supplies sensory innervation to dorsal lateral 3 and half fingers (except the fingertips) and the associated dorsum
  • Also supplies an area over the thenar eminence
41
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply in the hand? (motor and sensory)

A
  • Medial 1 and a half fingers and associated palmar and dorsal area
  • Medial two lumbricals
  • Interossei
  • Hypothenar eminence
  • Adductor pollicis
  • Palmaris brevis
42
Q

What does the ulnar nerve travel down the forearm with?

A

-Ulnar artery

43
Q

How does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?

A

-Passes over flexor retinaculum through guyons canal

44
Q

What is the presentation of ulnar claw?

A

-Hyperextension of the MCP joints and unopposed flexion of the IP joints of the 4th and 5th digits

45
Q

What causes ulnar claw?

A
  • Long standing ulnar nerve damage at the wrist causing ulnar claw by paralysis of the medial 2 lumbricals (flex MCP + extend IP)
  • Hyperextension at MCP occurs because of unopposed extension from extensor digitorum
  • Flexion at IP due to unnopposed flexion from FDP
46
Q

What is ulnar paradox?

A

-Ulnar claw but to a lesser extent as damaged occurs at the elbow -> FDP damaged so less unopposed flexion

47
Q

What is the presentation of hand of benediction?

A

-On attempting to form a fist, there is inability to flex the 2nd and 3rd didgit

48
Q

What causes hand of benediction to occur?

A
  • Long-term median nerve damage at the elbow causes paralysis of the long flexors in anterior forearm (except FCU and med half FDP) and the lateral two lumbricals
  • This results in loss of flexion at the MCP and IP and the inability to make a complete fist producing a claw like shape (4th and 5th digit still work)

Musculoskeletal System (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions