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Musculoskeletal System > Nerves of the lower limb > Flashcards

Nerves of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the lumbar plexus?

A

-Anterior divisions of lumbar spinal nerves L1 to L4 (small contribution from T12)

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2
Q

What are the major branches of the lumbar plexus?

A
  • Iliohypogastric nerve
  • Ilioinguinal nerve
  • Genitofemoral nerve
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  • Femoral nerve
  • Obturator nerve
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3
Q

What is the sensory function of iliohypogasrtic nerve?

A

-Posteriolateral skin of gluteal region

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4
Q

What is the nerve root of ilioinguinal nerve?

A

-L1

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5
Q

What is the sensory function of the ilioinguinal nerve to lower limb?

A

-Innervates upper medial thigh

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6
Q

What is the sensory function of genitofemoral nerve in the lower limb?

A

-Femoral branch innervates skin on the upper thigh

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7
Q

What is the sensory function of lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

-Innervates anterior and lateral thigh down to the knee

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8
Q

What nerve roots serve obturator nerve?

A

-L2, L3 and L4

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9
Q

What is the motor function of obturator nerve?

A

-Gracillis, Adductors, Pectineus and obrurator externus

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10
Q

What is the sensory function of obturator nerve?

A

-Innervates skin over medial thigh

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11
Q

What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

A

-L2, L3 and L4

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12
Q

What are the motor functions of femoral nerve?

A

-Quadratus femoris, sartorius, iliopoas, pectineus

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13
Q

What is the sensory function of the femoral nerve?

A
  • Anterior thigh (anterior cutaneous branch)

- Medial leg and foot (Saphenous branch)

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14
Q

What is a pneumonic for remembering the branches of lumbar plexus?

A

-I, I Get Leftovers On Fridays

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15
Q

What spinal nerves makes the sacral plexus?

A

-Anterior divisions of spinal nerve L4-S4

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16
Q

What are the 5 main peripheral nerves of the sacral plexus?

A
  • Superior gluteal
  • Inferior gluteal
  • Sciatic
  • Posterior femoral
  • Pudendal
17
Q

What are the motor functions of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

-Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor facsia latae

18
Q

What are the sensory function of the superior and inferior gluteal nerve?

A

-None

19
Q

What is a pneumonic for remembering the branches of the sacral plexus?

A

-Some Irish Sailor Pesters Polly

20
Q

What is the motor function of inferior gluteal nerve?

A

-Gluteus maximus

21
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

-L4, L5, S1,S2, S3

22
Q

What are the motor functions of the sciatic nerve?

A
  • Tibial portion -> hamstrings apart from short head of biceps -> posterior compartment of leg-> sole of foot
  • Common fibular portion -> Short head of biceps femoris -> anterior compartment (deep nerve) and lateral (superficial nerve) compartments of leg
23
Q

What is the sensory function of the branches of the common fibular nerve?

A
  • Sural -> Lower posterolateral
  • Lateral sural -> upper lateral
  • Superficial -> lower anterolateral and dorsum of foot except skin between 1st and 2nd toes
  • Deep -> innervates skin between first and second toe
24
Q

What is the sensory function of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

-Innervates skin of posterior thigh and leg

25
Q

What are the smaller nerve branches of the sacral plexus?

A
  • Nerve to piriformis
  • Nerve to Obturator internus
  • Nerve to Quadratus femoris
26
Q

What happens to the sciatic nerve?

A

-Bifurcates into tibial and common fibular nerve at the popliteal fossa

27
Q

What are the branches of the common fibular nerve (coommon peroneal nerve)?

A
  • Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
  • Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
  • Lateral sural nerve
  • Sural nerve (with contribution from tibial)
28
Q

What is the consequence of damage to the common fibula (peroneal) nerve?

A

-Loss of dorsiflexion, eversion and extension of digits (Loss of anteriolateral compartment)

29
Q

How does damage to common fibular nerve commonly occur?

A

-Fracture (pedestrian hit by car bumper) or tight plaster cast

30
Q

What causes foot drop?

A

-Damage to deep fibular nerve or common fibular nerve causing paralysis of muscles in anterior compartment of leg resulting in unopposed plantar flexion

31
Q

What are the sensory functions of the tibial nerve?

A
  • Posterioleteral side of leg (sural)

- Lateral side and sole of foot

32
Q

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • Tibial nerve is compressed within the tarsal tunnel due to:
  • osteoarthritis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Post-trauma ankle deformities
33
Q

List the major nerves of the lower limb

A
  • Lumbar and Sacral plexus
  • Femoral nerve
  • Obturator nerve
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Common fibular nerve->Superficial and deep fibular nerves
  • Tibial nerve

Musculoskeletal System (34 decks)

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