The gluteal region Flashcards
What stabilises the sacrum to the hip bone?
- Sacroiliac ligament
- Sacrospinous ligament
- Sacrotuberous ligament
Where does the sacrospinous ligament run?
-Between sacrum and spine of ischium
Where does sacrotuberous ligament run?
-Between sacrum and ischial tuberosity
What converts the sciatic notch into the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
-Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
-Structures entering and leaving the pelvis
What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
-Structures entering or leaving the perineum
What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
What are the functions of the gluteus medius and minimus?
- ABduction and medial rotation
- Secures pelvis during locomotion and prevents pelvic drop of opposite limb
What nerve supplies gluteus maximus?
-Inferior gluteal nerve
What nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus?
-Superior gluteal nerve
What does gluteus maximus also assist in running?
-Lateral rotation
Where does gluteus maximus insert?
- Iliotibial tract
- Greater trochanter
What is the function of gluteus maximus?
-Powerful extensor of flexed femur
What artery serves gluteus maximus?
-Superior anf inferior gluteal arteries
What artery serves glut med and min?
-Superior gluteal artery
What is the result of damage to superior gluteal nerve?
-Paralysis of glut med and glut min resulting in the pelvis becoming unsteady and pevic drop on opposite side during locomotion (positive trendelenberg test)
Where is the safe injection site of the gluteal region?
-Upper lateral quadrant
What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
- Piriformis
- Gemelli superior
- Obturator internus
- Gemelli inferior
- Quadratus femoris
What is the function of the deep gluteal muscles?
- Lateral rotation and ABduction (except QF-> no abduction)
- Stabilisation (pull head of femur into acetabulum as attach at greater trochanter)
-Where does piriformis travel through?
-Greater sciatic foramen
What nerve innervates piriformis?
-Nerve to piriformis
What separates gemelli superior and inferior?
-Obturator internus tendon
Why is piriformis an anatomical landmark?
- Divides gluteal region into superior and inferior parts as it passes through greater sciatic foramen ie nerves emerging superior to pririformis are thus named superior eg superior gluteal artey
- Can be used to locate sciatic nerve as mostly enters gluteal region inferior to piriformis
Where is defined anatomically as the gluteal region?
-From the horizontal plane of the iliac crest to the ischial tuberosity
