The gluteal region

Question 1

What stabilises the sacrum to the hip bone?

Answer 1

• Sacroiliac ligament
• Sacrospinous ligament
• Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 2

Where does the sacrospinous ligament run?

Answer 2

-Between sacrum and spine of ischium

Question 3

Where does sacrotuberous ligament run?

Answer 3

-Between sacrum and ischial tuberosity

Question 4

What converts the sciatic notch into the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 4

-Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 5

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 5

-Structures entering and leaving the pelvis

Question 6

What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 6

-Structures entering or leaving the perineum

Question 7

What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

Answer 7

• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus

Question 8

What are the functions of the gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 8

• ABduction and medial rotation

- Secures pelvis during locomotion and prevents pelvic drop of opposite limb

Question 9

What nerve supplies gluteus maximus?

Answer 9

-Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 10

What nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 10

-Superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

What does gluteus maximus also assist in running?

Answer 11

-Lateral rotation

Question 12

Where does gluteus maximus insert?

Answer 12

• Iliotibial tract

- Greater trochanter

Question 13

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

Answer 13

-Powerful extensor of flexed femur

Question 14

What artery serves gluteus maximus?

Answer 14

-Superior anf inferior gluteal arteries

Question 15

What artery serves glut med and min?

Answer 15

-Superior gluteal artery

Question 16

What is the result of damage to superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 16

-Paralysis of glut med and glut min resulting in the pelvis becoming unsteady and pevic drop on opposite side during locomotion (positive trendelenberg test)

Question 17

Where is the safe injection site of the gluteal region?

Answer 17

-Upper lateral quadrant

Question 18

What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

Answer 18

• Piriformis
• Gemelli superior
• Obturator internus
• Gemelli inferior
• Quadratus femoris

Question 19

What is the function of the deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 19

• Lateral rotation and ABduction (except QF-> no abduction)

- Stabilisation (pull head of femur into acetabulum as attach at greater trochanter)

Question 20

-Where does piriformis travel through?

Answer 20

-Greater sciatic foramen

Question 21

What nerve innervates piriformis?

Answer 21

-Nerve to piriformis

Question 22

What separates gemelli superior and inferior?

Answer 22

-Obturator internus tendon

Question 23

Why is piriformis an anatomical landmark?

Answer 23

• Divides gluteal region into superior and inferior parts as it passes through greater sciatic foramen ie nerves emerging superior to pririformis are thus named superior eg superior gluteal artey
• Can be used to locate sciatic nerve as mostly enters gluteal region inferior to piriformis

Question 24

Where is defined anatomically as the gluteal region?

Answer 24

-From the horizontal plane of the iliac crest to the ischial tuberosity