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Science 2 > the senses > Flashcards

the senses Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the role of our skin

A

associated with touch

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2
Q

what the three parts of the skin

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis
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3
Q

what is the epidermis made up of

A
  • dead layer - made up of cells that have died

- living layer - made up dividing cells which push the dead cells to the top and help heal wounds

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4
Q

what are the five parts of the dermis

A
  • sensory receptors - neurons that pick up stimuli
  • blood vessels - feed the skin cells
  • sebaceous glands - produce sebum oil that makes the skin waterproof
  • sweat glands - produce sweat
  • hair - rooted in the dermis
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5
Q

what is the hypodermis made up of

A

fat cells are made to insulate the body

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6
Q

where are the sensory receptors located in the skin

A

the dermis

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7
Q

what is the purpose of sensory receptors in the skin

A

to help experience sensations in the skin

ex: cold, heat, pain, pressure

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8
Q

which places in our body are more sensitive to heat

A

wrists and cheeks

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9
Q

which places in our body are more sensitive to touch

A

lips and finger, they have more touch receptors

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10
Q

which places in our body are more sensitive to touch and pressure

A

armpits and soles of our feet

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11
Q

what is the role of our noses

A
  • holding and exhaling air
  • responsible for smell
  • built to smell, moisten and filter the air
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12
Q

what are the steps that the air goes through when u smell something

A
  1. air enters the nose through the nostrils
  2. cilia in the nostrils filter the air in the nasal cavity
  3. after nasal cavity, passes through a thick layer of mucus to the olfactory bulb
  4. olfactory bulb recognizes the smells
  5. nerve cells send signals along the olfactory nerve to the brain
  6. brain knows what you are smelling
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13
Q

where are smell sensory receptors located

A
  • top of the nasal cavity

- are attached to the olfactory nerve and transmits info to the cerebrum

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14
Q

what is the role of our tongue

A
  • muscles that can taste

- the only place in our body that can detect a taste

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15
Q

where are the sensory receptors located in our tongue

A
  • in the papilla and they are called taste buds
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16
Q

what are the two senses that are linked together

A

smell and taste

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17
Q

what process happens when you eat something

A
  1. saliva helps breaks down the food
  2. receptors cells in your taste buds send messages through a sensory nerve to your brain
  3. brain tells u what flavour you are eating
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18
Q

what are the flavours our tongue can taste

A
  • sweet
  • salty
  • bitter
  • sour
  • umami
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19
Q

why are babies more sensitive to different flavours and food

A
  • because when you are younger you have more taste buds on your tongue, sides of your mouth and roof of your mouth
20
Q

what are the three sections of the ear

A
  1. outer ear
  2. middle ear
  3. inner ear
21
Q

what is the purpose of the three parts

A

to turn sounds into nerve impulses

22
Q

what are the parts in the outer ear

A
  • pinna - only visible part of the ear

- auditory canal - lines with fine hair and glands to protect

23
Q

what are the parts of the middle ear

A
  • eardrum - moves to the beat of the vibration
  • ossicles - 3 small bones
  • eustachian tube - equalizes pressure when swallowing
24
Q

what are the parts of the inner ear

A
  • semicircular canals - help with balance when the body is moving
  • vestibule - helps with balance when the body is not moving, connects canals with the cochlea
  • cochlea - walls are covered with auditory nerve cells linked to the auditory nerves
    (carry the receptors)
25
Q

what is sound

A
  • created by vibrations in the air

- sounds cause changes in the air and make sound waves

26
Q

what is the path that sound takes

A
  1. sound is funnelled in the pinna through the canal
  2. passes the eardrum and the middle ear
  3. the eardrum will create the same rhythm as the sound
  4. goes into the cochlea and cells turn the sound into nerve impulses
27
Q

what is the role of the cochlea

A
  • walls are lined with nerve cells that are stimulated by the vibration in the liquid
  • cells transform info into nerve impulses which travel to the cerebrum
28
Q

what is the role of the eye

A
  • responsible for vision

- picks up light ray from sources or a reflection

29
Q

what is the sclera

A
  • the white part of the eye

- gives the eye its shape

30
Q

what is the choroid

A
  • the middle layer of the eye

- has blood vessels that nourish the eye

31
Q

what is the retina

A
  • has the sensory receptors

- at the back of the eye

32
Q

what is the blindspot

A
  • where the retina and the optic nerve meet

- not sensitive to light

33
Q

what is the cornea

A
  • dome-shaped

- extension of the sclera

34
Q

what is the iris

A
  • eye colour
  • extension of the choroid
  • regulates the amount of light let in
35
Q

what is the lens

A
  • focuses light rays on the retina

- muscles also change its shape to focus the light coming in

36
Q

what is the aqueous humour

A
  • the liquid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens
37
Q

what is the vitreous humour

A

the liquid that fills the space between the lens and the retina

38
Q

what happens to the iris and pupil in bright light

A

iris will dilate and the pupil will constrict

39
Q

what happens to the iris and pupil in the dark

A

iris will constrict and the pupil will widen

40
Q

what does the lens do

A
  • adjust their shape according to the distance of the object you are looking at
41
Q

what happens to the lens when u are looking at something far away

A

stretches and flattens

42
Q

what happens to the lens when u are looking at something close up

A

shortens and becomes more rounded

43
Q

where are the receptors in the skin

A

dermis

44
Q

where are the receptors in the nose

A

olfactory bulb

45
Q

where are the receptors in the tongue

A

papillea

46
Q

where does motion sickness come from

A

If the liquid in the semicircular canal is not balance you can have motion sickness

47
Q

what is the equation to measure frequency

A 
# of waves/ seconds 
Shorter the wavelength = higher frequency

Science 2 (22 decks)

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