Biotechnology Flashcards
What are the two types of biotechnology
Modern
Traditional
What is traditional biotechnology
Have been around since early human history
How is traditional biotechnology used in agriculture
Farmers started breeding plants with the different characteristics they wanted
This so called selective breeding
How is traditional biotechnology used on animals
Selective breeding
Same as plants
How is traditional biotechnology used in food
There is a base food which is mixed with an organism to transform which then makes the food
How is cheese made
Milk and enzymes
How is bread made
Yeast and wheat
How is yogurt made
Milk and bacteria
How is wine made
Juice and yeast
How is beer made
Barley and yeast
What is modern biotechnology
Multiplication of strains of cells that have been selected for specific purposes
How is modern biotechnology used in agriculture and breeding
Plants are modified to resist sickness, herbicides and harsh climates
Animals are modified to accelerate growth or increase meat yield
How is modern biotechnology used on food
Transformed to provide higher nutritional value
How is modern biotechnology used on médecine
To make vaccines
Embryos
Stem cells cultivated to engineer remplacement tissue and organs
What is cell culture
A laboratory technique that involves growing or culturing cells outside their natural environment
Increases number of cells
What is genetic transformation
Modification of a species genome either by removing or modifying one or more of its genes or by introducing genes from another species
What does GMO’S stand for
Genetically modified organisms
What are the pros of genetically modified plants
Resist herbicide Resist insects Improved quality of oils Increase nutritional substances Reduction of allergic effect
What are the pros of genetically modified animals
Increase in growth
Less harmful manure
Produce lactose free milk
What is cloning
Process of producing a genetically identical copy of a living organism
What can cloning be used for
Can grow tissue or organs for a transplant
What is pasteurization
Used to prevent proliferation of harmful microorganisms in food
Food is heated to a certain temp. This is done to kill unwanted bacteria
What are the pros of pasteurization
Does not change taste Longer shelf life Provides healthier foods Preserve the nutritional properties Reduce risk of food contamination Reduce infant mortality rates
What are the cons of pasteurization
Can destiny useful elements in food
Can get rid of “good bacteria”
