nervous system Flashcards
what is the point of the nervous system
- control all important actions
- receives, processes, stores and transmits info
what are the 2 parts of the nervous system
- peripheral (nerves)
- central (barin and spinal cord)
what is a neuron
- specialized nerve
- receives and transmits messages
- do not reproduce
- conductive
- can be stimulated
- need oxygen to live
what are the parts of a neuron
- dendrite
- axon
- cell body
- axon terminal
- myelin sheath
what is the role of a neuron
- detect stimuli
- send nerve impulses
what is stimuli
anything that can be perceived by a living organism that triggers a reaction
what is a nerve impulse
electrical signal transmitted by a neuron
what are the steps that happen to transmit a nerve impulse
- dendrites pick up stimuli and turn it into nerve impulses
- impulses then travel the neuron through the axons and then go to the axon terminal
- the nerve impulses are then transmitted from nerve to nerve through the synapse
what is a synapse
space between neurons
what is a nerve
helps transmit info between the central nervous system and other parts of the body
what is the purpose of the peripheral nervous system
connects different parts of the body to the central nervous system
what are the three different types of nerves
- sensory
- motor
- mixed
what are sensory receptors
- receive stimuli from outside and inside and turn it into nerve impulses
where are sensory receptors located
found in sensory organs
what are sensory nerves
- TRANSPORT nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the central nerve system
- receive impulses from sensory organs and internal organs
what is the difference between sensory receptors and sensory nerves
nerves = transport the impulses made in the receptors receptors = pick up stimuli and turn it into impulses
what are motor nerves
- transport impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles
- helps produce voluntary and involuntary mouvement
- send impulses to the glands
what makes up the central nervous system
- brain
- spinal cord
what are the parts of the brain
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- brain stem
what is the cerebrum in charge of
- voluntary mouvements
- intelligence
- emotions
- interpreting senses
what does the left hemisphere of the cerebrum control
right side of the body
what does the right hemisphere of the cerebrum control
the left side of the body
what are the two layers of the cerebrum
- outer layer called the cerebral
- inner layer called white matter
what is the role of the cerebellum
- in charge of balance and coordination
- allows us to perform simple and complex tasks
where does motion sickness and vertigo come from
- issues with the cerebellum
what is the brain stem in charge of
- controls internal stimuli and involuntary mouvement
what is the role of the spinal cord
- carries info from parts of the body to the brain
- reflex center
passes most nerve impulses from the body to the brain
how many pairs of nerves are attatched the spinal cord
31 pairs of spinal nerves
what is a reflex
- rapid involuntary reaction to stimuli
- allow us to act quickly
how are reflexes created
the spinal cord intercept a message from a sensory organ and redirect the message to the muscle needed for a quick response
- brain will analyze the reaction after the event has happened
what is a reflex arc
- path taken by a nerve impulse during a reflex
- shorter than regular paths so that the action could happen fast
what would be a side effect of MS disease
people who have ms do not have a certain amount of myelin, if you don’t have enough myelin stimuli would not be able to be relayed quickly
how will neurons transmit messages from one to another
through the synapse and chemical inside called the neurotransmitter
a person is writing a test how is the peripheral nervous system helping you write the test?
- Sensory receptors are working to pick up the visual of the question
- Motor nerves are sending messages to your muscles to write the test
- The cerebellum is helping you think of the answer
what part of the brain would cause you to be brain dead if it was damaged ?
the brainstem
what nerves are neck down ?
spinal nerves
what nerves are neck up
cranial nerves
you are playing baseball, what is the flow chart
- Receptors in the eye
- Optic nerve
- Cerebrum
- Spinal cord
- Motor nerves
- Muscles in the hand
