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MD2S3: Anatomy 203 > The Scalp and Face > Flashcards

The Scalp and Face Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Scalp?

A

Soft Tissue covering Cranial Vault

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2
Q

Boundaries of the Scalp

A

Anterior: Supraorbital Margin
Posterior: External Occipital Protuberance and Superior Nuchal Line
Lateral: Superior Temporal Line

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3
Q

Layers of the Scalp

A

SCALP
Skin
Connective Tissue Layer
Aponeurotic Layer (occipito-frontalis/galea aponeurotica)
Loose Areolar Tissue
Pericranium/Periosteum

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4
Q

Layers of Scalp: Skin
Components

A

Hairs
Sebaceous Glands
Sweat Glands

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5
Q

Layers of Scalp: Skin
Skin layers is a common site for formation of …

A

sebaceous cysts (due to blockage of glands causing buildup of secretions)

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6
Q

Layers of Scalp: Dense Connective Tissue Layer
What is found in this layer?

A

Anastomotic Blood Vessels

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7
Q

Layers of Scalp: Dense Connective Tissue Layer
What happens when a cut causes blood vessels to tear?

A

Bleed Profusely but heals well
Bleeding can be stopped by pressure

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8
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Description

A

Musculoaponeurotic Layer

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9
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Components

A

Occipitofrontalis Muscle
Epicranial Aponeurosis

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10
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Parts of the Occipitofrontalis

A

Frontal Bellies
Occipital Bellies

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11
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Origin of Frontal Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Epicranial Aponeurosis

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12
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Insertion of Frontal Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Skin of Eyebrows

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13
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Action of Frontal Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Elevates Eyebrows producing Horizontal Wrinkles of Forehead

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14
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Origin of Occipital Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Superior Nuchal Line

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15
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Insertion of Occipital Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Epicranial Aponeurosis

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16
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Action of Occipital Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Pull aponeurosis posteriorly towards Occipital Bone

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17
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
What is the Epicranial Aponeurosis?

A

Flat Tendon

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18
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
What does the Epicranial Aponeurosis adhere to?

A

The 2 layers superficial to it

This means the 3 layers move as one unit on the pericranium

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19
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
When do wounds of the scalp gape?

A

When cut along Plane of Gaping (transverse/coronal division of aponeurosis)

Superficial scalp wounds do not gape

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20
Q

Layers of Scalp: Loose Areolar Tissue
Continuous with …

A

loose connective tissue of upper eye lid

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21
Q

Layers of Scalp: Loose Areolar Tissue
What does it contain?

A

Emissary Veins

Emissary Veins connect scalp veins to blood sinuses

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22
Q

Layers of Scalp: Loose Areolar Tissue
Tear in emissary veins causes …

A

… bleeding which gravitates into eyelids producing black eye
… infection with collection of pus which passes into cranial cavity through emissary veins

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23
Q

Layers of Scalp: Pericranium
Description

A

Loosely covers Bones
Firmly attached at Sutural Lines

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24
Q

Layers of Scalp: Pericranium
What is Cephalohematoma?

A

Birth Trauma ruptures Blood Vessels crossing Periosteum forming bump on the head

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25
Q

Layers of Scalp: Pericranium
Caput Succedaneum

A

Pressure exerted by Vaginal Wall on Infant’s Head during delivery causes swelling of scalp

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26
Q

Nerve Supply of Scalp Muscles

A

Frontal Bellies: Temporal Branch of Facial Nerve
Occipital Bellies: Posterior Auricular Branch of Facial Nerve

27
Q

Divisions of Blood Supply of Scalp

A

Anterior
Posterior

28
Q

Blood Supply of Anterior Part of Scalp

A

Supratrochlear Artery and Vein
Supraorbital Artery and Vein
Superficial Temporal Artery and Vein

29
Q

Blood Supply of Posterior Part of Scalp

A

Posterior Auricular Artery and Vein
Occipital Artery and Vein

30
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Scalp

A

Anterior Part: Preauricular (Parotid) Lymph Nodes
Posterior Part: Post-auricular (Mastoid) Lymph Nodes

31
Q

What are the Muscles of the Face?

A

Corrugator Supercilli
Procerus
Orbicularis Oculi
Nasalis
Zygomaticus Major
Resorius
Levator Labii Superiois
Zygomaticus Minor
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Orbicularis Oris
Buccinator
Depressor Anguli Oris
Mentalis

32
Q

Action of Corrugator Supercilli

A

Frowning - Vertical Wrinkles between Eyebrows

33
Q

Action of Procerus

A

Transverse Wrinkles between Eyebrows

34
Q

Orbicularis Oculi parts

A

Orbital Part
Palpebral part

35
Q

Action of Orbital Part of Orbicularis Oculi

A

Tight Closure of Eyelids

36
Q

Action of Palpebral Part of Orbicularis Oculi

A

Light Closure of Eyelids

37
Q

Nasalis Parts

A

Transverse Part
Alar Part

38
Q

Action of Transverse Part of Nasalis

A

Compresses Nostrils

39
Q

Action of Alar Part of Nasalis

A

Dilates Nostrils

40
Q

Action of Zygomaticus Major and Risorius

A

Bilateral Smile

41
Q

Action of Levator Labii Superioris and Zygomaticus Minor

A

Elevate and Evert Upper Lip
Increase Nasolabial Furrow

42
Q

Action of Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Draw Lower Lip Downward

43
Q

Buccinator
Origin

A

Alveolar Process of Maxilla and Mandible opposite 3rd molar

44
Q

Buccinator
Fibers and insertions

A

Upper Fibers: Straight into Upper Lip
Lower Fibers: Straight into Lower Lip
Intermediate Fibers: Decussate at Modiolus where Upper goes to Lower Lip and Lower goes to Upper Lip

45
Q

Buccinator
Action

A

Prevents accumulation of food in vestibule of mouth
Blowing
Whistling

46
Q

Orbicularis Oris
Parts

A

Extrinsic Part
Intrinsic Part

47
Q

Orbicularis Oris
Extrinsic Part

A

Derived from Intermediate Parts of Buccinator

Also formed from other facial muscles which decussate at modious

48
Q

Orbicularis Oris
Intrinsic Part Origin

A

Incisive Fossae of Maxilla and Mandible
Part comes from Perioral Skin

49
Q

Orbicularis Oris
Intrinsic Part Insertion

A

Mucous Membrane of Lips

50
Q

Orbicularis Oris
Action

A

All Muscles: Close mouth + Articulation and Speech
Superficial Fibers: Protrudes Lips
Deep Fibers: Compress Lips

51
Q

Action of Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Draws corner of mouth down and lateral

52
Q

Action of Mentalis

A

Protrudes Lower Lip
Winkles Skin of Chin

53
Q

Arteries of the Face are branches of …

A

External Carotid Artery (forms Facial Artery)
Internal Carotid Arteries (Gives rise to Ophthalmic Artery which forms Supraorbital and Trochlear Arteries)

54
Q

Facial Artery
Where can its pulse be palpated?

A

Inferior Border of Mandible

55
Q

Facial Artery
Enters the face at …

A

anterior border of Masseter Muscle

56
Q

Facial Artery
Pathway

A

Passes along the side of nose
Terminates as Angular Artery at Medial Angle of Eye
At Medial Angle, it Anastomoses with terminal branch of Opthalmic Artery

57
Q

Facial Artery
Branches

A

Lateral Nasal Artery
Superior Labial Artery
Inferior Labial Artery

58
Q

Venous Drainage of Face

A

Facial vein

59
Q

Tributeries of Facial Vein

A

Supraorbital Vein
Supratrochlear Vein

60
Q

Pathway of Facial Vein

A

Descends behind Facial Artery
Crosses Base of Mandible to enter neck
Joined by Anterior Division of Retromandibular Vein to form Common Facial Vein
Terminates in Internal Jugular Vein

61
Q

What is the Dangerous Area of the Face?

A

Area drained by Facial Vein where infection can spread and reach Meninges causing Meningitis and Intracranial Thrombosis

62
Q

Which parts of the face form the Dangerous Area?

A

Upper Lip
Nasal Septum
Ala of Nose

63
Q

Why can infections spread easily through the Facial Vein?

A

No Valves
Absence of Deep Fascia in Face means No Barrier to spread

64
Q

Pathway of Facial Vein to Cavernous Sinus

A

Facial Vein → Superior Ophthalmic Vein → Cavernous Sinus
Facial Vein → Deep Facial Vein → Pterygoid Venous Plexus → Cavernous Sinus

MD2S3: Anatomy 203 (31 decks)

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