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MD2S3: Anatomy 203 > The First and Second Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

The First and Second Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Cranial Nerves?

A

I - Olfactory Nerve
II - Optic Nerve
III - Occulomotor Nerve
IV - Trochlear Nerve
V - Trigeminal Nerve
VI - Abducens Nerve
VII - Facial Nerve
VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve
IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory Nerve
XII - Hypoglossal Nerve

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve I
Function of the Olfactory Nerve

A

Smell/Olfaction

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve I
Components of the Olfactory System

A

Olfactory Epithelium
Olfactory Nerve
Olfactory Bulbs
Olfactory Tracts
Olfactory Cortex/Rhinencephalon

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Epithelium
Location

A

Roof
Superior Conchae
Upper Part of Nasal Septum

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Epithelium
Cell Type

A

Bipolar Nerve Cells

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Epithelium
Peripheral Process

A

Terminate in olfactory hairs

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Epithelium
Central Processes forms the …

A

olfactory nerve

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Nerve
Course

A

Olfactory Nerves pass through Cribiform Plate and synapse with cells of Olfactory Bulb

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Bulb
Description

A

Oval mass of Gray Matter which overlies the Olfactory Sulcus

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Tract
Formation

A

Axons of cells in Olfactory Bulb form Olfactory Tract

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Tract
Description

A

Narrow-elongated band that overlies Olfactory Sulcus

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Tract
Divisions

A

Lateral and Medial Striae

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13
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Tract
The Striae connect the ____ to the ____

A

__Olfactory Tract__
__Primary and Secondary Olfactory Areas of Cortex__

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14
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Cortex
Divisions

A

Primary
Secondary

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15
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Cortex
Primary Division Formation

A

Anterior Perforated Substance
Piriform Cortex (in Uncus)
Amygdala (in Uncus)

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16
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Cortex
Primary Division Function

A

Detects odor

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17
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Cortex
Secondary Division Formation

A

Entorhinal Area (Area 28): Anterior Parahipppocampal Gyrus

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18
Q

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Cortex
Secondary Division Function

A

Identifies and Correlates odor to past experiences

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19
Q

Cranial Nerve II
What are the Pathways of the Optic Nerve?

A

Visual Pathway
Light Reflex Pathway
Accommodation Reflex Pathway

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20
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Overview of Visual Pathway

A
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21
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Where do Rods and Cones transmit their signals?

A

Retinal Ganglion Cells

22
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Axon of the Ganglion Cell forms …

A

Optic Nerve

23
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
How does the Optic Nerve enter the Skull?

A

Via Optic Foramen

24
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Optic Nerve joins the opposite one to form the …

A

optic chiasma

25
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Which parts of the retina perceive the head of the arrow?

A

Right Nasal Retina
Left Temporal Retina

26
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Which tract do the fibers perceiving the head of the arrow run in?

A

Left Optic Tract

27
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Which parts of the retina perceive the tail of the arrow?

A

Left Nasal Retina
Right Temporal Retina

28
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Which tract do the fibers perceiving the tail of the arrow run in?

A

Right Optic Tract

29
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Which nerves cross in the chiasma?

A

Fibers from the nasal half of each retina

30
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Nerve fibers of Optic Tract synapse with …

A

Lateral Geniculate Body

31
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
What are fibers from the LGB to the Visual Cortex called?

A

Optic Radiation

32
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Which part of internal capsule does the optic radiation pass through?

The Internal Capsule is a pathway for the transmission of nerves to and from the Cerebral Cortex

A

Retrolentiform Part

33
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Splitting of Optic Radiation

A

Upper Half pass through Parietal Lobe
Lower Half pass through Temporal Lobe (Meyer’s Loop)

34
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Superior Visual Field Pathway

A

Superior Visual Field → Inferior Part of Retina → Inferior Part of LGB → Inferior Part of Optic Radiation (Below Calcarine Sulcus)

35
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Inferior Visual Field Pathway

A

Inferior Visual Field → Superior Part of Retina → Superior Part of LGB → Superior Part of Optic Radiation (Above Calcarine Sulcus)

36
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Function of Primary Visual Area (Area 17)

A

Interpretation colour, size, shape, motion, illumination

37
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Function of Secondary Visual Area (18, 19)

A

Object Identification
Integration of Perception with Past Experience

38
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Location of Damage

39
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Location of Damage

40
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Location of Damage

41
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Location of Damage

42
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Location of Damage

43
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Visual Pathway
Location of Damage

44
Q

What is the Light Reflex?

A

Optic Nerve (Afferent) detects light
Oculomotor Nerve (Efferent) constricts both eye pupils

45
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Light Reflex Pathway
Pathway names

A

Direct Light Reflex: Pupil reflex is ipsilateral
Consensual Light Reflex: Pupil reflex is contralateral

46
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Light Reflex Pathway
Direct Light Reflex

A

Light on One Retina → Optic Nerve → Optic Chiasma → Optic Tract → LGB → Pretectal Nucleus → EW nucleus → 3rd nerve → Ciliary Ganglion → Constrictor Pupillae

47
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Light Reflex Pathway
Consensual Light Reflex

A

Light causes constriction of both pupils because Pretectal Nucleus is connected to both EW nuclei

48
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Accommodation Reflex
Adjustments of Accommodation Reflex

A

Convergence of both eyes
Constriction of Pupil
Increased Refractive Power of Lens

49
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Accommodation Reflex
Eye convergence caused by …

A

contraction of medial recti

50
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Accommodation Reflex
Constriction of Pupils caused by …

A

contraction of constrictor pupillae

51
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Accommodation Reflex
Increased Refractive Power caused by …

A

contraction of ciliary muscle

52
Q

Cranial Nerve II: Accommodation Reflex
Pathway

A

Retina Stimulation → Optic Nerve → Optic Chiasma → Optic Tract → LGB → Optic Radiation → Visual Cortex → Superior Longitudinal Bundle → Frontal Eye Field (Area 8) → EW nucleus → Oculomotor Nerve → Cilliary Ganglion → Sphincter Pupillae Muscle of Ciliary Muscle

MD2S3: Anatomy 203 (31 decks)

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