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MD2S3: Anatomy 203 > Medulla Oblongata > Flashcards

Medulla Oblongata Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Lowest part of the brain stem

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2
Q

Which structures does the medulla connect?

A

Pons and spinal cord

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3
Q

What happens at the upper part of the medulla?

A

Central canal expands into 4th ventricle

4th ventricle indicated by red arrow
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4
Q

Functions of the medulla

A

Contains cranial nerves concerned with vital functions
Pathway for ascending and descending tracts

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5
Q

Anterior surface external features

A

Anterior Median Fissure
Pyramid
Olive
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Anterolateral Groove
Posterolateral Groove

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6
Q

Anterior Surface
Purpose of Anterior Median Fissure

A

Divides medulla into 2 halves

Line in the middle
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7
Q

Anterior Surface
Pyramid Location

A

Swelling lateral to anterior median fissure

Red segment
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8
Q

Anterior Surface
Pyramid contains …

A

… corticospinal fibers

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9
Q

Anterior Surface
Olive Location

A

Swelling lateral to pyramid

Blue Segment
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10
Q

Anterior Surface
Olive is produced by …

A

… olivary nucleus

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11
Q

Anterior Surface
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Location

A

Lies posterior to olive

Pink Segment
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12
Q

Anterior Surface
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle connects …

A

… medulla and cerebellum

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13
Q

Anterior Surface
Anterolateral Groove Location

A

Lies between pyramid and olive

Red line
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14
Q

Anterior Surface
Anterolateral groove contains …

A

… hypoglossal nerve

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15
Q

Anterior Surface
Posterolateral Groove Location

A

Between olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle

Green line
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16
Q

Anterior Surface
Posterolateral Groove contains …

A

… glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves

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17
Q

Anterior Surface
Names of indicated nerves in the picture

A

Green - Arising from anterolateral groove
Red - Arising from posterolateral groove

18
Q

How is the posterior surface of the medulla divided?

A

Upper half (Open medulla)
Lower half (Closed medulla)

19
Q

Posterior Surface
Components of lower half of the medulla

A

Posterior Median Sulcus
Gracile Tubercle
Cuneate Tubercle

20
Q

Posterior Surface: Lower Half
Posterior Median Sulcus purpose

A

Divides lower half into similar halves

21
Q

Posterior Surface: Lower Half
Gracile Tubercle formed by …

A

… gracile nucleus

22
Q

Posterior Surface: Lower Half
Cuneate Tubercle formed by …

A

… cuneate nucleus

23
Q

Posterior Surface
Components of upper half of medulla

A

Median Sulcus
Inferior Fovea
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

24
Q

Posterior Surface: Upper Half
What is the Inferior Fovea?

A

Triangular depression dividing area into three trigones

25
Q

Posterior Surface: Upper Half
What are the three trigones?

A

Medial to Lateral:
Hypoglossal Trigone
Vagus Trigone
Vestibular Trigone

26
Q

Posterior Surface: Upper Half
What is the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle?

A

Connects medulla to cerebellum

27
Q

What are the levels of the medulla?

A

Level of decussation of pyramids (lower level)
Level of sensory decussation (middle level)
Level of olivary nuclei (upper level)

28
Q

Lower Level
Descending Tracts

A

Decussation of lateral corticospinal tracts in the pyramids

29
Q

Lower Level
Ascending Tracts

A

Gracile and cuneate nuclei with tracts
Anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts
Anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve with its spinal tract

30
Q

Lower Level
Nuclei

A

INFERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS

31
Q

Middle Level
Descending Tracts

A

Corticospinal Tracts

32
Q

Middle Level
Ascending Tracts

A

Gracile and cuneate nuclei and decussating tracts (medial lemniscus)
Anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts
Anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts

33
Q

Middle Level
Nuclei

A

Inferior olivary nucleus
HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEUS
AMBIGUUS NUCLEUS

34
Q

Upper Level
Descending Tracts

A

Corticospinal Tracts

35
Q

Upper Level
Ascending Tracts

A

Medial Lemniscus
Anterior and Lateral Spinothalamic tracts
Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts
Spinal nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve with its Spinal Tract

36
Q

Upper Level
Nuclei

A

Inferior Olivary Nucleus
Hypoglossal Nucleus
Ambiguus Nucleus
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR COCHLEAR NUCLEI
VESTIBULAR NUCLEI
NUCLEUS SOLITARIUS
DORSAL NUCLEUS OF VAGUS
INFERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE

37
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleus ambiguus?

A

Motor nucleus supplied cranial nerves IX, X and XI

38
Q

Which muscles do the cranial nerves of the nucleus ambiguus supply?

A

Muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx

39
Q

Which blood vessel supplies the medial part of the medulla?

A

Anterior spinal (Vertebral)

40
Q

Which blood vessel supplies the posterolateral part of the medulla?

A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar (Vertebral)

41
Q

Which blood vessel supplies the middle part of the medulla?

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar (Basilar)

MD2S3: Anatomy 203 (31 decks)

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