The Functional Areas of the Cerebrum Flashcards
What are the major functional areas of the cerebrum?
Primary Motor Area
Premotor Area
Motor speech Area of Broca
Main Sensory Area
Superior Parietal Lobule/Secondary Sensory Area
Wernicke’s Area
Primary Visual Area
Secondary Visual Area
Primary Auditory Area
Second Auditory Area
Facial Recognition Areas
Olfactory Area/Piriform Lobe
Primary Motor Area
Brain Areas
Area 4
Primary Motor Area
Locations
Precentral gyrus
Adjoining part of paracentral lobule on medial surface
Primary Motor Area
Controls …
body movements of opposite half
Primary Motor Area
Lesions
Paralysis of contralateral half of body (hemiplegia)
Fine and Skilled movements severely affected
Premotor Area
Brain Areas
Area 6
Premotor Area
Location
Posterior parts of superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri
On the medial surface - in front of area 4
Premotor Area
Functions
Motor activity accumulated from past experience
Premotor Area
Lesions
Difficulty in skilled movements
Broca’s Area
Brain Areas
Areas 44 and 45
Broca’s Area
Location
Inferior Frontal Gyrus between anterior and ascending rami and the ascending and posterior rami of lateral fissure
Broca’s Area
Where is it most important?
Dominant Hemisphere
Right-handed person = Left Broca’s Area is Dominant
Left-handed person = RIght Broca’s Area is Dominant
Broca’s Area
Function
Anterior Speech Center
Produces sequences for word production
Broca’s Area
How does it cause muscle movements necessary for speech?
Connected with adjacent primary motor areas
Broca’s Area
Lesion
Expressive Aphasia
Main Sensory Area
Brain Areas
Areas 3, 1 and 2
Main Sensory Area
Location
Post-Central Gyrus
Extends into medial surface in paracentral lobule
Main Sensory Area
Function of Area 3
Perception of Cutaneous Stimuli
Main Sensory Area
Function of Area 1 and 2
Perception of Proprioceptive Impulses
Main Sensory Area
Detects sensations from …
opposite half of the body
Main Sensory Area
Lesions
Contralateral loss of sensation
Markedly affects fine touch and proprioception
Slightly affects pain and temperature
Secondary Sensory Area
Brain Areas
Areas 5 and 7
Secondary Sensory Area
Function
Integrates sensory information
Contains sterognosis center
Stereognosis = Ability to identify shape and form of 3D objects
Secondary Sensory Area
Lesions
Cause astereognosis
Wernicke’s Area
Brain Areas
Areas 39 and 40
Wernicke’s Area
Locations
Inferior Parietal Lobule
Posterior parts of superior and medial temporal gyri in temporal lobe
Wernicke’s Area
Functions
Received afferent fibers from visual and auditory areas
Comprehension of auditory and visual information
Wernicke’s Area
Lesions
Receptive Aphasia
Failure to understand spoken and written words
Primary Visual Area
Brain Areas
Area 17
Primary Visual Area
Location
Medial Surface - Posterior part of Calcarine Sulcus
Lateral Surface - Occipital Pole
Primary Visual Area
Function
Received illumination, colors and shapes in photos
Secondary Visual Area
Brain Areas
Area 18 and 19
Secondary Visual Area
Location
Surrounds primary visual area on medial and lateral surfaces
Secondary Visual Area
Function
Afferent fibers from area 17
Relate vision information from primary visual area to previous visual experiences
Primary Auditory Area
Brain Areas
Areas 41 and 42
Primary Auditory Area
Location
Superior Temporal Gyrus
Primary Auditory Area
Function
Receives sound from both ears
Primary Auditory Area
Lesions
Causes partial deafness in both ears, mostly contralateral
Secondary Auditory Area
Brain Areas
Area 22
Secondary Auditory Area
Function
Interpretation of sound from Primary Auditory Area
Facial Recognition Areas
Location
Undersurface of Temporal and Occipital Lobes (Parahippocampal Gyri)
Facial Recognition Areas
Lesion
Bilateral lesion causes Prosopagnosia
Prosopagnosia = Inability to recognize faces
Olfactory Area
Location
Medial Surface of Temporal Lobe
Olfactory Area
Function
Receives impulses from ipsilateral side of nose
Olfactory Area
Sensory Pathway
Olfactory Nerve → Olfactory Bulb → Olfactory Tract → Piriform Lobe
