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MD2S3: Anatomy 203 > Basal Ganglia and Diencephalon > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia and Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Basal Ganglia?

A

Nuclei deep to White Matter of Cerebral Hemisphere

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2
Q

What are the nuclei of the Basal Ganglia?

A

Corpus Striatum
Substantia Nigra

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3
Q

What are the structures of the Corpus Striatum?

A

Caudate Nucleus
Lentiform Nucleus

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4
Q

Corpus Striatum: Caudate Nucleus
Shape

A

C-shaped

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5
Q

Corpus Striatum: Caudate Nucleus
Divisions

A

Head
Body
Tail

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6
Q

Corpus Striatum: Caudate Nucleus
What is the head of the caudate continuous with?

A

Outer Part of Lentiform Nucleus

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7
Q

Corpus Striatum: Lentiform Nucleus
Shape

A

Biconcave Lens

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8
Q

Corpus Striatum: Lentiform Nucleus
Medial Relations

A

Caudate Nucleus
Thalamus

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9
Q

Corpus Striatum: Lentiform Nucleus
Divisions

A

Putamen: Large Lateral Part
Globus Pallidus: Small Medial Part

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10
Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Parts

A

Body
Anterior Horn
Posterior Horn
Inferior Horn

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11
Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Formation of Body

A

Parietal Lobe

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12
Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Formation of Anterior Horn

A

Frontal Lobe

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13
Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Formation of Posterior Horn

A

Occipital Lobe

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14
Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Formation of Inferior Horn

A

Temporal Lobe

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15
Q

Corpus Striatum
Relations of Caudate Nucleus and Lateral Ventricle

A

Head of Caudate inferior to Anterior Horn of Lateral Ventricle
Body of Caudate inferior to Body of Lateral Ventricle
Tail of Caudate forms roof of Inferior Horn of Lateral Ventricle

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16
Q

Corpus Striatum: Afferents
Names

A

Corticostriatal Fibers
Thalamostraite Fibers
Nigrostriate Fibers

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17
Q

Corpus Striatum: Afferents
Corticostriatal Fibers pathway

A

From Frontal and Parietal Lobes to Caudate and Putamen Nuclei

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18
Q

Corpus Striatum: Afferents
Thalamostriate Fibers pathway

A

From Thalamus to Caudate and Putamen Nuclei

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19
Q

Corpus Striatum: Afferents
Nigrostriate Fibers pathway

A

From Substantia Nigra to Caudate and Putamen Nuclei

Secrete Dopamine into these structures

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20
Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Names

A

Striatonigral Fibers
Straitopallidal Fibers

21
Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Striatonigral Fibers pathway

A

From Caudate and Putamen Nuclei to Substantia Nigra

22
Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Structures forming Dopaminergic System

A

Nigrostriate Fibers
Striatonigral Fibers

23
Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Role of Dopaminergic System

A

Pathogenesis
Parkison’s Disease

24
Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Striatopallidal Fibers pathway

A

From Caudate and Putamen Nuclei to Globus Pallidus

25
Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
What arises from the Globus Pallidus?

A

Efferent fibers of the Basal Ganglia

26
Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Pathway of Pallidothalamic Tract

A

Globus Pallidus → Thalamus → Cortex

27
Q

Functions of Basal Ganglia

A

Control Gross Movements
Control Semiautomatic associated movements

28
Q

Characteristics of Parkinsonism

A

Mask Like Face (emotionless)
Monotonous Speech
Rapid Small Steps (shuffling gait)
Reduced Arm Swing
Resting Tremors

29
Q

Diencephalon
Parts

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Metathalamus
Hypothalamus

30
Q

Diencephalon
Epithalamus Components

A

Pineal Gland

31
Q

Diencephalon
Epithalamus Location

A

Behind Thalamus

32
Q

Diencephalon
Metathalamus Components

A

Medial Geniculate Body
Lateral Geniculate Body

33
Q

Diencephalon
Metathalamus Location

A

Below Posterior Part of Thalamus

34
Q

Diencephalon
Hypothalamus Location

A

Lies below Anterior Part of Thalamus

35
Q

Diencephalon
Functions of Thalamus

A

Relay Station for Sensory Information

36
Q

Diencephalon
Functions of Epithalamus

A

Pineal Gland secrete Melatonin

37
Q

Diencephalon
Function of Metathalamus

A

Lateral Geniculate Body: Center for Vision
Medial Geniculate Body: Center for Hearing

38
Q

Diencephalon
Function of Hypothalamus

A

Autonomic Activities
Body Temperature
Food, satiety, hunger, thirst center
Sleep Rhythm
Endocrine Secretions

39
Q

Diencephalon
What structure attaches the Pituitary Gland to the Brain?

A

Pituitary Stalk/Infundibulum

40
Q

Diencephalon
Pituitary Gland Location

A

Sella Turcica

41
Q

Diencephalon
Pituitary Gland covered by …

A

diaphragm sellae

42
Q

Diencephalon
Pituitary Gland Superior Relations

A

Diaphragma Sellae
Optic Chiasma

43
Q

Diencephalon
Pituitary Gland Inferior and Anterior Relations

A

Sphenoid Air Sinus

44
Q

Diencephalon
Pituitary Gland Lateral Relations

A

Cavernous Sinus

45
Q

Diencephalon
Pituitary Gland Posterior Relations

A

Posterior Intercavernous Sinus

46
Q

Diencephalon
Anterior Pituitary Blood Supply

A

Superior Hypophyseal Artery (Branch of Internal Carotid)

47
Q

Diencephalon
Formation of Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Portal System from Anterior Pituitary Blood Supply

A

One network of capillaries around Hypothalamus
Second network around Anterior Pituitary

48
Q

Diencephalon
Posterior Pituitary Blood Supply

A

Superior Hypophyseal Artery
Inferior Hypophyseal Artery

MD2S3: Anatomy 203 (31 decks)

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