Basal Ganglia and Diencephalon Flashcards by John Jonah Jameson Jr.

Q

What are the Basal Ganglia?

A

Nuclei deep to White Matter of Cerebral Hemisphere

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Q

What are the nuclei of the Basal Ganglia?

A

Corpus Striatum
Substantia Nigra

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Q

What are the structures of the Corpus Striatum?

A

Caudate Nucleus
Lentiform Nucleus

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Caudate Nucleus
Shape

A

C-shaped

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Caudate Nucleus
Divisions

A

Head
Body
Tail

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Caudate Nucleus
What is the head of the caudate continuous with?

A

Outer Part of Lentiform Nucleus

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Lentiform Nucleus
Shape

A

Biconcave Lens

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Lentiform Nucleus
Medial Relations

A

Caudate Nucleus
Thalamus

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Lentiform Nucleus
Divisions

A

Putamen: Large Lateral Part
Globus Pallidus: Small Medial Part

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Parts

A

Body
Anterior Horn
Posterior Horn
Inferior Horn

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Formation of Body

A

Parietal Lobe

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Formation of Anterior Horn

A

Frontal Lobe

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Formation of Posterior Horn

A

Occipital Lobe

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Lateral Ventricle
Formation of Inferior Horn

A

Temporal Lobe

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Q

Corpus Striatum
Relations of Caudate Nucleus and Lateral Ventricle

A

Head of Caudate inferior to Anterior Horn of Lateral Ventricle
Body of Caudate inferior to Body of Lateral Ventricle
Tail of Caudate forms roof of Inferior Horn of Lateral Ventricle

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Afferents
Names

A

Corticostriatal Fibers
Thalamostraite Fibers
Nigrostriate Fibers

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Afferents
Corticostriatal Fibers pathway

A

From Frontal and Parietal Lobes to Caudate and Putamen Nuclei

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Afferents
Thalamostriate Fibers pathway

A

From Thalamus to Caudate and Putamen Nuclei

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Afferents
Nigrostriate Fibers pathway

A

From Substantia Nigra to Caudate and Putamen Nuclei

Secrete Dopamine into these structures

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Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Names

A

Striatonigral Fibers
Straitopallidal Fibers

Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Striatonigral Fibers pathway

A

From Caudate and Putamen Nuclei to Substantia Nigra

Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Structures forming Dopaminergic System

A

Nigrostriate Fibers
Striatonigral Fibers

Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Role of Dopaminergic System

A

Pathogenesis
Parkison’s Disease

Q

Corpus Striatum: Efferents
Striatopallidal Fibers pathway

A

From Caudate and Putamen Nuclei to Globus Pallidus

**Corpus Striatum: Efferents** What arises from the Globus Pallidus?

Efferent fibers of the Basal Ganglia

**Corpus Striatum: Efferents** Pathway of Pallidothalamic Tract

Globus Pallidus → Thalamus → Cortex

Functions of Basal Ganglia

Control Gross Movements Control Semiautomatic associated movements

Characteristics of Parkinsonism

Mask Like Face (emotionless) Monotonous Speech Rapid Small Steps (shuffling gait) Reduced Arm Swing Resting Tremors

**Diencephalon** Parts

Thalamus Epithalamus Metathalamus Hypothalamus

**Diencephalon** Epithalamus Components

Pineal Gland

**Diencephalon** Epithalamus Location

Behind Thalamus

**Diencephalon** Metathalamus Components

Medial Geniculate Body Lateral Geniculate Body

**Diencephalon** Metathalamus Location

Below Posterior Part of Thalamus

**Diencephalon** Hypothalamus Location

Lies below Anterior Part of Thalamus

**Diencephalon** Functions of Thalamus

Relay Station for Sensory Information

**Diencephalon** Functions of Epithalamus

Pineal Gland secrete Melatonin

**Diencephalon** Function of Metathalamus

**Lateral Geniculate Body**: Center for Vision **Medial Geniculate Body**: Center for Hearing

**Diencephalon** Function of Hypothalamus

Autonomic Activities Body Temperature Food, satiety, hunger, thirst center Sleep Rhythm Endocrine Secretions

**Diencephalon** What structure attaches the Pituitary Gland to the Brain?

Pituitary Stalk/Infundibulum

**Diencephalon** Pituitary Gland Location

Sella Turcica

**Diencephalon** Pituitary Gland covered by ...

diaphragm sellae

**Diencephalon** Pituitary Gland Superior Relations

Diaphragma Sellae Optic Chiasma

**Diencephalon** Pituitary Gland Inferior and Anterior Relations

Sphenoid Air Sinus

**Diencephalon** Pituitary Gland Lateral Relations

Cavernous Sinus

**Diencephalon** Pituitary Gland Posterior Relations

Posterior Intercavernous Sinus

**Diencephalon** Anterior Pituitary Blood Supply

Superior Hypophyseal Artery (Branch of Internal Carotid)

**Diencephalon** Formation of Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Portal System from Anterior Pituitary Blood Supply

One network of capillaries around Hypothalamus Second network around Anterior Pituitary

**Diencephalon** Posterior Pituitary Blood Supply

Superior Hypophyseal Artery Inferior Hypophyseal Artery