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MD2S3: Anatomy 203 > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx Description

A

Musculomembranous Tube
12.5 cm long
No Anterior Wall

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2
Q

Extent of Pharynx

A

Superior: Base of Skull
Inferior: 6th Cervical Vertebra opposite lower border of Cricoid Cartilage

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3
Q

What are the parts of the Pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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4
Q

Layers of the Pharyngeal Wall

A

Deep to Superficial:
Mucous Membrane
Fibrous Layer/Pharyngeobasilar Fascia
Muscular Coat (defecting upwards)

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5
Q

Nasopharynx
Extent

A

Superior: Base of Skull
Inferior: Soft Palate

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6
Q

Nasopharynx
Special Features

A

Pharyngeal Opening of Eustachian Tube behind Inferior Nasal Concha
Tubal Elevation
Salpingopharyngeal Fold
Nasopharygeal Tonsil in the Roof of Nasopharynx

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7
Q

Nasopharynx
What produces the Tubal Elevation?

A

Cartilage of Tube above and behind

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8
Q

Nasopharynx
What produces the Salinpopharyngeal Fold?

A

Salpingopharyngeus Muscle

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9
Q

Nasopharynx
What condition could cause difficulty breating in children?

A

Adenoids: Enlargement of Nasopharyngeal Tonsil which obstructs Nasopharynx

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10
Q

Oropharynx
Extent

A

Superior: Soft Palate
Inferior: Upper End of Epiglottis

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11
Q

Oropharynx
Special Features

A

Glossoepiglottic Folds
Palatopharyngeal Arch
Tonsillar Fossa

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12
Q

Oropharynx
What are the Glossoepiglottic Folds?

A

1 Median and 2 Lateral Folds connecting Back of Tongue to Front of Epiglottis

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13
Q

Oropharynx
What are the Valleculae?

A

Two Depressed Areas between the Glossoepiglottic Folds

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14
Q

Oropharynx
What produces the Palatopharyngeal Arch?

A

Palatopharyngeus Muscle

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15
Q

Oropharynx
What is found in the Tonsilar Fossa?

A

Palatine Tonsils

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16
Q

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
What are the Palatine Tonsils?

A

Mass of Lymphoid Tissues

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17
Q

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Location of Palatine Tonsils?

A

Lateral Wall of Oropharynx
Between Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal Arches

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18
Q

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Features

A

2 Ends
2 Surfaces

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19
Q

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Ends

A

Upper End: Reaching Soft Palate
Lower End: Reaching Dorsum of Tongue

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20
Q

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Surfaces

A

Medial Surface: 10-15 Orifices leading to Tonsillar Crypts
Lateral Surface: Tonsillar Hemicapsule which is an extension from the Pharyngobasilar Fascia

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21
Q

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Nerve Supply

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Tonsilitis causes referred pain to ear

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22
Q

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Lymphatic Drainage

A

Jugulodigastric Lymph Nodes

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23
Q

Laryngopharynx
Extent

A

Superior: Epiglottis
Inferior: Cricoid Cartilage (C6)

24
Q

Laryngopharynx
Special Features

A

Laryngeal Inlet
Mucous membrane on the back of Arytenoid and Cricoid Cartilage
Piriform Fossa

25
Q

What are the Muscles of the Pharynx?

A

Outer Layer: 3 Constrictors
Inner Layer: 3 Longitudinal Muscles

26
Q

Outer Layer
Names of Constrictors?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

27
Q

Outer Layer
What are the features of the Constrictors?

A

Overlap each other from below upwards
Absent from side wall of nasopharynx

28
Q

Outer Layer
All Constrictors insert into …

A

pharyngeal raphe posteriorly

29
Q

Outer Layer
Superior Constrictor Origin

A

Posterior End of Mylohyoid Line of Mandible

30
Q

Outer Layer
Middle Constrictor Origin

A

Hyoid Bone

31
Q

Outer Layer
Inferior Constrictor functional parts

A

Thyropharyngeus Part
Cricopharyngeus Part

32
Q

Outer Layer
Origin of Thyropharyngeal Part

A

Thyroid Cartilage

33
Q

Outer Layer
Origin of Cricopharyngeal Part

A

Side of Cricoid Cartilage

34
Q

Outer Layer
Function of Constrictors

A

Propulsive action during Swallowing

35
Q

Outer Layer
Function of Cricopharyngeus

A

Spincter at Lower End of Pharynx
Prevents Suction of Air into Esophagus

36
Q

Outer Layer
What occurs if the Cricopharyngeus fails to relax?

A

Pharyngeal Mucous Membrane Herniates posterolaterally between Cricopharyngeus and Thyropharyngeus

37
Q

Inner Layer
What are the Muscles of the Inner Layer?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

38
Q

Inner Layer
Insertion of the Inner Layer Muscles

A

Posterior Border of Thyroid Cartilage

39
Q

Inner Layer
Function

A

Pull Larynx upwards to close Laryngeal Inlet

40
Q

Pharyngobasilar Fascia location

A

Above Superior Constrictor where Pharyngeal Wall is deficient

41
Q

Location of Glossopharyngeal Nerve and Stylopharyngeus Muscle

A

Between Superior and Middle Constrictor

42
Q

Location of Internal Laryngeal Nerve and Superior Laryngeal Vessels

A

Between Middle and Inferior Constrictors

43
Q

Location of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Inferior Laryngeal Vessels

A

Below Lower Border of Inferior Constrictor

44
Q

Motor Nerve Supply of Pharygeal Muscles (except Stylopharyngeus)

A

Vagus Nerve

45
Q

Motor Nerve Supply of Stylopharyngeus

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

46
Q

Sensory Nerve Supply of Pharynx

A

Pharyngeal Branch of Glossopharyngeal Nerve

47
Q

Arterial Blood Supply of Tonsils and Pharynx

A

Ascending Pharyngeal Artery of ECA
Ascending Palatine and Tonsillar Arteries of the Facial Artery
Pharyngeal Branch of the Maxillary Artery

48
Q

Venous Drainage of Tonsils and Pharynx

A

Veins of Pharynx collect into Pharyngeal Venous Plexus draining into IJV

49
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Tonsils and Pharynx

A

Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes

50
Q

Cervical Esophagus
Length

A

5 cm

51
Q

Cervical Esophagus
Extent

A

Superior: Cricoid Cartilage (C6)
Inferior: Thoracic Inlet (T1)

52
Q

Cervical Esophagus
Anterior Relations

A

Trachea
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

53
Q

Cervical Esophagus
Lateral Relations

A

Thyroid Lobes
Carotid Sheath

54
Q

Cervical Esophagus
Posterior Relations

A

Vertebral Column

55
Q

Cervical Esophagus
Arterial Blood Supply

A

Branches of Inferior Thyroid Artery

56
Q

Cervical Esophagus
Venous Drainage

A

Inferior Thyroid Vein

57
Q

Cervical Esophagus
Lymphatic Drainage

A

Internal Jugular Lymph Nodes

MD2S3: Anatomy 203 (31 decks)

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