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HN 320 > The Renal System III (Lecture 12) > Flashcards

The Renal System III (Lecture 12) Flashcards

1
Q

______ is high plasma potassium

A

Hyperkalemia

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2
Q

______ is low plasma potassium

A

Hypokalemia

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3
Q

True or False: Hypokalemia May lead to cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, hypotension, confusion, alkalosis

A

True

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4
Q

True or False: Hyperkalemia May lead to cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness

A

True

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5
Q

______ is crucial to function of excitable cells.

A

Potassium

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6
Q

In what three feature of the renal system is potassium reabsorbed?

A

proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts

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7
Q

Where is potassium freely filtered?

A

glomerulus

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8
Q

Where is potassium secreted?

A

distal tubule and collecting ducts

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9
Q

True or False: K+ secretion in distal tubules and collecting ducts is regulated

A

True

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10
Q

______ regulates principal cells.

A

Aldosterone

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11
Q

True or False: As K+ increases, less aldosterone is released.

A

False, more

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12
Q

How does potassium reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

A

Can flow from lumen to proximal epithelial cell through an unknown mechanism

Can flow through gap junction

Can use sodium potassium antiport to flow from epithelial cell to peritubular fluid

Can use potassium channel from epithelial cell to peritubular fluid

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13
Q

How does potassium secretion work in the principal cells of the late distal tubule and collecting duct?

A

Sodium potassium antiport from peritubular fluid to principal cell

Potassium channel from principal cell to lumen of distal tubule/collecting duct

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14
Q

______ is high plasma calcium

A

Hypercalcemia

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15
Q

______ is low plasma calcium

A

Hypocalcemia

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16
Q

True or False: Hypercalcemia can cause numbness, muscle cramps, exaggerated refluxes, hypotension and hypocalcemia can cause muscle weakness, atrophy, lethargy, hypertension, behavior changes, spasms.

A

False, vice versa

17
Q

What are the four reasons to why calcium balance is critical?

A

Triggers exocytosis

Triggers secretion

Triggers muscle contraction

Increases contractility of cardiac and smooth muscle

18
Q

______ stimulates calcium reabsorption where ______ inhibits it

A

PTH, calcatonin

19
Q

True or False: Free calcium is freely filtered at glomerulus

A

True

20
Q

What percent of filtered calcium is reabsorbed?

A

99%

21
Q

______ is is reabsorbed in proximal tubules
______ is reabsorbed in thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle
______ is reabsorbed in distal tubules

A

70%, 20%, 10%

22
Q

What is the hormonal control of plasma Ca2+?

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

23
Q

What is the stimulus for parathyroid hormone in regards to calcium?

A

decreased Ca2+ in plasma

24
Q

What are the 5 actions of parathyroid hormone?

A

Increases Ca2+ reabsorption by kidneys

Stimulates activation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in kidneys

Stimulates resorption of bone

Stimulates small increase in calcium absorption

Overall effect: increased blood calcium

25
Q

What is the negative feedback loop of PTH in regards to Ca2+

A

decrease in Ca+ in plasma

increase in PTH secretion secretion which effects…

In the kidneys, it decreases phosphate reabsorption, and increases Ca reabsorbtion
leads to less calcium excreted in urine

increase in 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol which leads to calcium absorption in kidneys and gastrointestinal tract

in bone, it leads to ca reabsortion

all cause increase in Ca in plama to increase

26
Q

What hormone controls to much calcium in plasma?

A

Calcatonin

27
Q

Calcitonin is secreted from _______ cells of thyroid gland

A

C

28
Q

What are the actions of calcitonin?

A

Increases bone formation

Decreases calcium reabsorption by kidneys

29
Q

True or False: Increase in solute reabsorption increases osmotic gradient for water reabsorption

A

True

30
Q

True or False: ADH decreases the number of sodium channels in the apical membrane of principal cells

A

False, increases

31
Q

_______ increases ADH secretion.

A

Angiotensin II

32
Q

True or False: ANP decreases ADH secretion

A

True

HN 320 (17 decks)

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