The Immune system (Lecture 5) Flashcards
______ is the immune system’s capacity to protect an individual from disease causing pathogens.
Immunity
What are the two types of immune systems?
Innate, adaptive
______ is the term used the describe the ability to cause disease
virulence
What are the five different classes of pathogens?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Parasites
- Prions
True or False: Bacteria is the most widespread pathogen.
False, virus
True or False: Viruses are capable of infecting every species on earth, even other pathogens, as well as plants
True
True or False: There are more species of viruses than all other creatures put together
True
What are the living characteristics of viruses?
- They reproduce at high rates, but only in living host cells
- They can mutate
What are the non-living characteristics of viruses?
- They do not contain a cytoplasm, cell membrane, or membrane-bound organelles
- They carry out no metabolism on their own and must replicate using the host cell’s metabolic machinery
______ is when a patient is non-infectious, but can become reactivated to cause a second infection.
Latency
Bacteria invade tissue by ______.
Colinization
What two ways do bacteria derive energy by?
Glycolysis (fermentation)
Aerobic respiration
The ______ is a tightly bound layer surrounding the cell while the _______ is loosely bound layer?
capsule
glycocalyx
______ are the most resistant life form
Spores
______ is an organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host’s expense.
Parasite
______ are proteins that are infectious
Prion
True or False: Prions are smaller than the smallest known virus
True
______ are abnormal prions where ______ are normal prions
PrPSC, PrPC
What are the 4 ways prions are transmissible through?
- Ingestion
- Transplantation
- Surgical instruments
- Hereditary
HCl, lysozymes and fatty acids are known as ______ barriers.
Chemical
Goblet cells, mucus and ciliated cells are known as ______ barriers.
Physical
What is the outermost layer on the human that contains keratin?
Epidermis
The ______ is composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and sebaceous glands.
Dermis
True or False: Mucus membranes of stomach procedures antimicrobial acids.
True
