The Immune system (Lecture 5)

Question 1

______ is the immune system’s capacity to protect an individual from disease causing pathogens.

Answer 1

Immunity

Question 2

What are the two types of immune systems?

Answer 2

Innate, adaptive

Question 3

______ is the term used the describe the ability to cause disease

Answer 3

virulence

Question 4

What are the five different classes of pathogens?

Answer 4

• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Parasites
• Prions

Question 5

True or False: Bacteria is the most widespread pathogen.

Answer 5

False, virus

Question 6

True or False: Viruses are capable of infecting every species on earth, even other pathogens, as well as plants

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False: There are more species of viruses than all other creatures put together

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are the living characteristics of viruses?

Answer 8

• They reproduce at high rates, but only in living host cells
• They can mutate

Question 9

What are the non-living characteristics of viruses?

Answer 9

• They do not contain a cytoplasm, cell membrane, or membrane-bound organelles
• They carry out no metabolism on their own and must replicate using the host cell’s metabolic machinery

Question 10

______ is when a patient is non-infectious, but can become reactivated to cause a second infection.

Answer 10

Latency

Question 11

Bacteria invade tissue by ______.

Answer 11

Colinization

Question 12

What two ways do bacteria derive energy by?

Answer 12

Glycolysis (fermentation)

Aerobic respiration

Question 13

The ______ is a tightly bound layer surrounding the cell while the _______ is loosely bound layer?

Answer 13

capsule

glycocalyx

Question 14

______ are the most resistant life form

Answer 14

Spores

Question 15

______ is an organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host’s expense.

Answer 15

Parasite

Question 16

______ are proteins that are infectious

Answer 16

Prion

Question 17

True or False: Prions are smaller than the smallest known virus

Answer 17

True

Question 18

______ are abnormal prions where ______ are normal prions

Answer 18

PrPSC, PrPC

Question 19

What are the 4 ways prions are transmissible through?

Answer 19

• Ingestion
• Transplantation
• Surgical instruments
• Hereditary

Question 20

HCl, lysozymes and fatty acids are known as ______ barriers.

Answer 20

Chemical

Question 21

Goblet cells, mucus and ciliated cells are known as ______ barriers.

Answer 21

Physical

Question 22

What is the outermost layer on the human that contains keratin?

Answer 22

Epidermis

Question 23

The ______ is composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and sebaceous glands.

Answer 23

Dermis

Question 24

True or False: Mucus membranes of stomach procedures antimicrobial acids.

Answer 24

True