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HN 320 > The Endocrine System IV (Lecture 17) > Flashcards

The Endocrine System IV (Lecture 17) Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: There is little variation in rate of secretion of thyroid hormone.

A

True

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2
Q

______ synthesize thyroid hormones, and hormones are stored in the ______ until secreted.

A

Follicular cells, colloid

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3
Q

______ is a protein that is a precursor for thyroid hormones that contains tyrosine residues locate in the colloid

A

Thyroglobulin

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4
Q

______ is actively transported from blood into colloid and added to thyroglobulin to form thyroid hormones.

A

Iodide

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5
Q

Linking two DIT groups = a ______, linking a DIT and a MIT group = a ______.

A

T3, T4

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6
Q

True or False: T3 (triiodothyronine) is the most abundant form produced.

A

False, T4 (thyroxine) 90%

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7
Q

Out of T3 and T4 which one is more potent at target tissues.

A

T3

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8
Q

True or False: T4 Provides long loop negative feedback.

A

True

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9
Q

How does activation work in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.

A

Conversion by the liver, kidneys, or target tissues

T4 converted to T3

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10
Q

How does the TRH feedback loop work?

A

TRH secretion from hypothalamus

TSH from anterior pituitary

T3 and T4 secretion from thyroid gland (T4 makes negative feedback loop)

T4 converted to T3 in liver kidney and target cells

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11
Q

True or False: Stimulus for TRH, and thus TH, is exposure to cold temperatures.

A

True

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12
Q

True or False TRH is prominement in adults and not infants.

A

False, vice versa

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13
Q

Inhibition of TRH, and thus TH,

is by ______.

A

Stress

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14
Q

True or False: Thyroid hormones are lipophilic and capable of crossing membranes

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: Thyroid hormones Alter rates of transcription of mRNA from DNA, and thus protein synthesis
and alterations take hours to day to exert.

A

True

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16
Q

Primary action of TH is a ______ effect.

A

calorigenic

17
Q

WHat is the graph of prolonged effect on basal metabolic rate caused by thyroxine over time

A

Increase, spike at 10 days, the gradual decrease

18
Q

What 5 things occur during the TH calorgenic effect?

A

Raise the body’s BMR

Increase in metabolism in most tissues of the body, exceptions include the brain, spleen, and gonads

Increase rate of oxygen consumption

Increase rate of energy expenditure at rest

Increase heat generation

19
Q

Calorigenic effects

A

Increases rate of Na+/K+ pump

Higher rates of fuel oxidation and ATP production

Increases in heat production

Increases number and size of mitochondria

Increases oxidative phosphorylation enzymes

Higher energy mobilization

Enhances glycogenolysis, proteolysis, and lipolysis

Promotes gluconeogenesis and ketone synthesis

Promotes synthesis of β adrenergic receptors (for normal growth and development and maintenance)

20
Q

______ is when the thyroid gland is increased in size, hyperplasia caused by autoimmune or tumor induced

A

Hyperthyroidism

21
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

protrusion of eyeballs, weight loss, irregular heartbeat

22
Q

______ is resulting from destruction of the thyroid gland caused by a autoimmune disease.

A

Hypothyroidism

23
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include

A

fatigue, extreme muscular sluggishness, slowed heart rate, increased body weight, constipation, mental sluggishness

24
Q

What is the cortisol secretion feedback loop?

A

Stress, circadian rhythm lead to increased CRH secretion in hypothalamus

ACTH then is secreted from the anterior pituitary

Cortisol is secreted from the adrenal cortex

25
Q

______ is the hormone of stress.

A

Cortisol

26
Q

True or False: Glucocorticoids breakdown proteins, fats, and glycogen, and involved in the conversion of amino acids to glucose in liver.

A

True

27
Q

True or False: Glucocorticoids suppress immune response

A

True

28
Q

______ is the stereotypical response to stress.

A

General Adaptation Syndrome

29
Q

What are the symptoms of GAP?

A

Increased cortisol secretion

Increased sympathetic activity

Increased epinephrine secretion

Stimulate gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis

Increased ADH release

Increased angiotensin II production

Response: fight or flight
Mobilizes energy stores
Maintains blood pressure

30
Q

______ is hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

A

Cushing’s syndrome

31
Q

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome

A

Symptoms: muscle wasting, weakness, fragility, bruise easily, unusual body fat distribution

Hyperglycemia

Protein depletion → wasting away of tissue

32
Q

______ is hyposecretion of glucocorticoids

A

Addison’s disease

33
Q

What are the symptoms of Addison’s disease?

A

Hypoglycemia

Destruction of adrenal cortex

Poor tolerance for stress

Aldosterone usually affected
Excess Na+ retention and K+ secretion cause arrhythmias

HN 320 (17 decks)

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