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HN 320 > The Immune system II (Lecture 6) > Flashcards

The Immune system II (Lecture 6) Flashcards

1
Q

______ are white blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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2
Q

Self-renewing ______ give rise to immune cells.

A

hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

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3
Q

True or False: With age the number of HSCs decrease.

A

True

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4
Q

Within bone marrow, HSCs are constantly renewed and directed to differentiate into ______ and ______.

A

Myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells

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5
Q

______ first to respond to invasion by a pathogen, part of the innate immune system, and communicate the presence of an infection to lymphoid cells

A

Myeloid cells

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6
Q

______ coordinate the adaptive response and generate memory cells, preventing future infections from
the same pathogen.

A

Lymphoid cells

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7
Q

What are the five major types of leukocytes?

A

Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Agranulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

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8
Q

_______ are 50-80% of circulating leukocytes found in the body, these numbers increase during an infection

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

True or False: Eosinophils are involved in tissue remodeling.

A

False, nuetrophils

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10
Q

Neutrophils enter the bloodstream ______ hours to be delivered to infected tissue in ______.

A

5-7 hours, few days

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11
Q

______ are 1-4% of total leukocytes and are involved in allergic reactions and release toxic molecules.

A

Eosinophils

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12
Q

True or False: Eosinophils main contribution is in attacking parasitic invaders.

A

True

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13
Q

______ make up <1% of all leukocytes and release histamines to blood vessel permeability and smooth muscle activity

A

Basophils

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14
Q

True or False: Basophils are also involved in allergic reactions.

A

True

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15
Q

______ make up 1-6% of total leukocytes that consist of macrophages and dendrites.

A

Monocytes

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16
Q

True or False: Monocytes are antigen presenting cells.

A

True

17
Q

What are the 5 types of phagocytic cells that increase in numbers during infection?

A
  • Neutrophils (most abundant)
  • Eosinophils
  • Monocytes
    * Macrophages
    * Dendritic cells
18
Q

______ account for 20–40% of leukocytes

and account for 99% of interstitial fluid cells and can distinguish between self and non-self.

A

Lympocytes

19
Q

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

A

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Null cells (natural killer cells)

20
Q

______ cells are associated with antibodies and differentiate into effector cells or plasma cells.

A

B

21
Q

Plasma cells secrete ______.

A

immunoglobulins

22
Q

______ are specialized for the secretion of a single type of antibody, do not divide and die within 1-2 weeks.

A

Plasma cells

23
Q

_____ cells directly damage foreign cells and contact infected, mutant or transplanted cells.

A

T cells

24
Q

______ T cells destroy target cells and while ______ help the activity of other immune cells.

A

Cytotoxic

Helper

25
Q

______ cells are an important defence against viral infections.

A

Null cells

26
Q

True or False: Null cells have a slow response time.

A

False, fast acting immune response

27
Q

What are the 2 types of HSCs that mature in tissues?

A

Mast cells

Dendritic cells

28
Q

______ cells are the immune cells of skin a mucosa that secrete histamine and other substances.

A

Mast

29
Q

______ cells are similar to macrophages and activate certain types of T cells.

A

Dendritic

30
Q

Inflammation is an example of a ______ defense.

A

Non-specific

31
Q

What are the 5 steps to inflammation?

A
  1. Macrophages engulf debris and foreign matter
  2. Capillaries dilate and become more permeable
  3. Foreign matter is contained
  4. More leukocytes migrate to area
  5. Leukocytes clear infection
32
Q
  1. Macrophages engulf debris and foreign matter
A
  • Triggers phagocytosis and secretions

* Secretory products trigger subsequent steps

33
Q
  1. Capillaries dilate and become more permeable
A
  • Damaged mast cells secrete histamine
  • Histamine triggers dilation and increases permeability
  • Result: increased blood flow and increased movement of proteins and cells to injured tissue
34
Q
  1. Foreign matter is contained
A
  • Mast cells and basophils → heparin
  • Heparin prevents clot formation initially so blood cells can access area

Clot proceeds, scab formed

35
Q
  1. More leukocytes migrate to area
A
  • Margination: move to vasculature wall
  • Attachment: bind to wall
  • Diapedesis: move between endothelial cells

Movement in tissue to injury: chemotaxis

36
Q
  1. Leukocytes clear infection
A
  • Phagocytosis

* Secretion of cytokines

HN 320 (17 decks)

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