The Renal System Flashcards
What 3 things does ADH regulate
-glucose
-water
-ions
What is the role of osmoregulation in the renal system
-maintains water and electrolyte balance
-excretion of waste products such as urea
What is the role of homeostasis in the renal system
-Regulation of acid/base balance
-Production of erythropoietin (Hormone) which stimulates red blood cell production.
-Control of blood pressure by renin (enzyme) production
-Conversion of vitamin D into an active form for the body
What are the 5 components of the internal anatomy of a kidney
-renal cortex
-renal pyramids
-renal medulla
-renal capsule
-renal pelvis
What are the 3 components of the external anatomy of the kidney
-adrenal gland
-renal artery
-renal vein
What are the 5 parts of the nephron structure
-renal corpuscle
-proximal convoluted tubule
-loop of henle
-distal convoluted tubule
-collecting duct
What happens in the first part of the nephron structure - glomerulus
Filters small solutes from the blood
What happens in the second part of the nephron structure - proximal convoluted tube
Reabsorbs ions, water and nutrients; removes toxins and adjusts filtrate pH
What happens in the third part of the nephron structure - descending loop of henle
Aquaporins allow water to pass from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid
What happens in the fourth part of the nephron structure - ascending loop of Henle
Reabsorbs Na+ and Cl- from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid
What happens in the fifth part of the nephron - distal tubule
Selectively secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain blood pH and electrolyte balance
What happens in the sixth part of the nephron - collecting duct
Reabsorbs solutes and water from the filtrate
What 4 things occur in the nephrons
Ultrafiltration
Reabsorption
Secretion
excretion
What is osmosis
The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration (through a semi permeable membrane)
What is normal urine acid levels and what is it tested with
Between 4.5 and 8 pH
Dipsticks
What is ultra filtration
The process of how the fluid is removed from the blood stream and enters the bowman’s capsule
What is the role of ADH
Increases the permeability of the collecting ducts so more water is absorbed into the blood
