Key Terms Flashcards
What does organism mean
An individual plant animal or single-celled life forms
What does organelles mean
Specialised structures within the cell that have specific functions
What is the cytoplasm
The fluid component of the cell enclosed by the cell membrane and surrounding the organelles
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Hydrophobic- repels water
Hydrophilic- can interact with water
What is a membrane
All membranes consist of a phospholipid bilayer together with proteins and other components. They are selectively permeable and can control movement of substances across the membrane, its the sites of many important processes in the cell.
What is phospholipid
Large molecules formed from a glycerol molecule covalently bonded to 2 fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group
What is the phospholipid bilayer
A double layer of phospholipids with the hydrophobic tails arranged towards the middle and the hydrophobic head group on the outside. It forms the basis of all biological membranes
What does totipotent mean
A cell that can develop into any other cell in the body
What does pluripotent mean
A cell that is able to develop into many different types off cells or tissues in the body
What does multi potent mean
The ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, but only a limited number of closely related lineages
What’s he difference between the rough ER and smooth ER
Rough- studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis and storage of proteins
Smooth- specialises in making and storing lipids and steroids.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it do
Network of interconnected membrane, plays fundamental role in the transport, processing and distribution of proteins lipids and some carbs
What are lysomes and what do they do
Sacs which contain Digestive enzymes that break down molecules, facilitate cellular digestion by disposing waste, recycling nutrients and defending against pathogenic invasions
What are centrioles
Paired barrel shaped organelles made up of a tubular protein called tubulin. Centrioles help with cell division, forming spindle fibres to separate. Chromosomes during cell division.
What is the golgi apparatus/ golgi vesicles
Key in processing and packaging proteins and lipids produced in the ER, maintained cells internal balance and facilitating communication with the outside
