Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the 3 types of valves in the heart

Answer 1

-bicuspid (mitral) valve
-tricuspid valve
-semi-lunar valves

Question 2

Why has the left side of the heart got more muscle than the right

Answer 2

This is due to needing to pump blood around the whole body, whereas the right ventricle needs to just pump blood to the lungs

Question 3

What do the arteries do and what is the smallest/ largest artery called

Answer 3

They carry blood away from the heart
Smallest- arterioles
Largest- aorta

Question 4

3 facts about the capillaries

Answer 4

-the arterioles lead to capillaries
-the smallest vessels in the cardiovascular system
-single cell thick wall

Question 5

What are venules

Answer 5

Capillaries that merge together, venules merge to form larger veins

Question 6

Which has a bigger lumen, arteries or veins

Answer 6

Veins

Question 7

Describe plasma

Answer 7

-straw coloured fluid
-carries blood cells around the body
-contains plasma proteins, hormones and small molecules (carbon dioxide, glucose, amino acids) and ions transported in the blood

Question 8

Describe platelets

Answer 8

-small and disc shaped
-cell fragments without nuclei
-also called thrombocytes
-present in large numbers in the blood
-important role in blood clotting

Question 9

Describe red blood cells

Answer 9

-also known as erythrocytes
-differentiated cells without a nucleus or majority of organelles
-filled with haemoglobin
-transport oxygen from lungs to tissues

Question 10

Describe white blood cells

Answer 10

-also known as leucocytes
-involved in protection against infection (immune response)