Stem Cells Flashcards
What is the scientific term for red blood cells
Erythrocytes
Describe a red blood cells shape and what the benefits are
Flattened biconcave shape to increase Surface area, allowing more efficient diffusion of oxygen
Out of the sensory neurons and motor neurons which is in the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system
Central- motor
Peripheral- sensory
What is striated muscle cells referring to
Striped appearance of skeletal muscles
Describe the process By Which cells become specialised (differentiation)
Multicellular organisms have a diverse range of specialised cells that all originate as undifferentiated stem cells, which Can continually divide and become specialised
What is erythropoiesis
The process by which we get a red blood cell
What does the ectoderm become
Skin, sweat glands, hair, nervous system
What does the endoderm become
Lungs, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestines
What does the mesoderm become
Muscle, bone, heart, kidneys, bladder, sex organs.
What is haematopoisesis
The process of a stem cell developing into a specialised blood cell
What are 4 sources of stem cells
Embryos up to 16 days after fertilisation
Umbilical cord blood
The placenta
Adult stem cells such as in the bone marrow
What are 3 advantages to using embryonic stem cells
-almost unlimited growth potential
-can differentiate into any type in the body
-less chance of genetic Damage
What are 3 disadvantages to using embryonic stem cells
-more risk of becoming tumour cells than with adult stem cells
-likely to be genetically different from an adult patient receiving the tissue
-retrieval of cells from the embryo kills it, unless only one or two are taken
What are 4 advantages to using cord blood stem cells
-easily obtained and stored
-commercial collection and storage sources already available
-the umbilical cord is discarded either way
-fully compatible with the tissue of the adult that grows from the baby; so no rejection problems
What are 2 disadvantages to using cord blood stem cells
-limited quantities of stem cells from one baby’s cord
-limited capacity To differentiate into different cell types; only naturally develop into blood cells
What are 3 advantages to using adult stem cells
-fully compatible with the adults tissues, rejection problem does not occur
-removal of stem cells does not kill the adult from which cells are taken from
-less chance of malignant tumours developing from embryonic stem cells
What are 3 disadvantages of using adult stem cells
-difficult to obtain as there are very few of them and the are buried deep in tissues
-less growth potential than embryonic stem cells
-limited capacity to differentiate into different cell types
What does iPS cells stand for
induced pluripotent stem cells
What reasons are there that show iPS cells could be used in medical treatment instead of embryonic stem cells
IPS cells have shown a self-renewal property, as they can divide indefinitely to give limitless supplies
What is the term given to the specialisation of blood cells
Haematopoeisis
