Cardiac Muscle, Heart Regulations And Blood Groups Flashcards

1
Q

What are the technical terms for:
Fast/ slow heart rate
Low/high bp

A

Fast HR- tachycardia
Slow HR- bradycardia
Low BP- hypotension
High BP- hypertension

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2
Q

What does arrhythmia look like on an ECG

A

All complexes normal, rhythm irregular

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3
Q

What does arterial fibrillation look like on an ECG

A

baseline irregular, ventricular response irregular

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4
Q

What does ventricular fibrillation look like on an ECG

A

Rapid, wide irregular ventricular complexes

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5
Q

What is the clinical significance of arterial fibrillation

A

Chaotic and irregular firing of the atria causing them to quiver or twitch (fibrillation)

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6
Q

What is the impact of arterial fibrillation

A

-ventricles do not fully fill with blood leading to decreased stroke volume
-fast heart beat/ pulse, sometimes palpitations
-can come and go (paroxysmal) or be continual
-could lead to blood clots, increased risk of stroke

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7
Q

What is the clinical significance of ventricular fibrillation

A

Rapid and irregular electrical activity renders the ventricles unable to contract in a synchronised manner, resulting in immediate loss of cardiac output

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8
Q

What is the impact of ventricular fibrillation

A

The heart is no longer an effective pump. Can be fatal unless advanced life support is rapidly instituted. Prolonged VF results in decreasing waveform amplitude, degenerating into asystole

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9
Q

What are the PQRST waves associated with

A

P wave- atrial contraction
QRS complex- ventricular contraction
T wave- ventricular resting

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10
Q

What is the main difference between AF and VF

A

Arterial fibrillation is an abnormal, irregular and fast heartbeat whereas VF is life threatening abnormal heart rhythm and a cause for cardiac arrest

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11
Q

What antigens does group a, group b, and group ab have

A

A-only A antigens
B- only B antigens
AB- both A and B antigens

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12
Q

What blood type can a person in group AB and O receive

A

AB- any blood type
O- only O blood

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13
Q

What blood group is the ‘universal donor’ and why

A

Blood group O Rh negative because they do not carry ABO or Rh antigens

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14
Q

Describe the role of the AVN and bundle of His

A

After electrical impulse is sent from the SA node to the AV node the bundle of His quickly transmits the impulse to the left and right bundle branches and into the ventricles, resulting in a synchronised interaction of the ventricles

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15
Q

What does the AVN stand for

A

Atrioventricular node

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