Cardiac Muscle, Heart Regulations And Blood Groups Flashcards
What are the technical terms for:
Fast/ slow heart rate
Low/high bp
Fast HR- tachycardia
Slow HR- bradycardia
Low BP- hypotension
High BP- hypertension
What does arrhythmia look like on an ECG
All complexes normal, rhythm irregular
What does arterial fibrillation look like on an ECG
baseline irregular, ventricular response irregular
What does ventricular fibrillation look like on an ECG
Rapid, wide irregular ventricular complexes
What is the clinical significance of arterial fibrillation
Chaotic and irregular firing of the atria causing them to quiver or twitch (fibrillation)
What is the impact of arterial fibrillation
-ventricles do not fully fill with blood leading to decreased stroke volume
-fast heart beat/ pulse, sometimes palpitations
-can come and go (paroxysmal) or be continual
-could lead to blood clots, increased risk of stroke
What is the clinical significance of ventricular fibrillation
Rapid and irregular electrical activity renders the ventricles unable to contract in a synchronised manner, resulting in immediate loss of cardiac output
What is the impact of ventricular fibrillation
The heart is no longer an effective pump. Can be fatal unless advanced life support is rapidly instituted. Prolonged VF results in decreasing waveform amplitude, degenerating into asystole
What are the PQRST waves associated with
P wave- atrial contraction
QRS complex- ventricular contraction
T wave- ventricular resting
What is the main difference between AF and VF
Arterial fibrillation is an abnormal, irregular and fast heartbeat whereas VF is life threatening abnormal heart rhythm and a cause for cardiac arrest
What antigens does group a, group b, and group ab have
A-only A antigens
B- only B antigens
AB- both A and B antigens
What blood type can a person in group AB and O receive
AB- any blood type
O- only O blood
What blood group is the ‘universal donor’ and why
Blood group O Rh negative because they do not carry ABO or Rh antigens
Describe the role of the AVN and bundle of His
After electrical impulse is sent from the SA node to the AV node the bundle of His quickly transmits the impulse to the left and right bundle branches and into the ventricles, resulting in a synchronised interaction of the ventricles
What does the AVN stand for
Atrioventricular node