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My Biology > The Organism In The Environment > Flashcards

The Organism In The Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

What are biological factors

A

Biological factors are factors effecting the abundance and distribution of organisms that are caused by other organisms, such as through competition for food

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2
Q

Describe a community

A

A community refers to all the populations of organisms that live in an area or ecosystem

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3
Q

Describe distribution of organisms

A

The spread of organisms in a area

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4
Q

What is ecology

A

Ecology is the study of living organisms

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5
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

An ecosystem is a fairly self contained area such as a lake or desert where all the organisms are contained

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6
Q

What is a habitat

A

A habitat is a small part of an ecosystem, where species live

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7
Q

What are physical features

A

Physical features are environmental features such as light, temperature and water that affect the abundance and distribution of organisms

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8
Q

What is a population

A

A population is all the organisms of one species living in the same habitat

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9
Q

What is a quadrat

A

A quadrat is a square frame used for sampling the abundance and distribution of organisms

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10
Q

What is biomass

A

Biomass is the mass of a living material, the mass of a living organism

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11
Q

What is a decomposer

A

A decomposer is an organism that causes decay of dead material, such as many fungi and bacteria

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12
Q

What is a primary consumer

A

A primary consumer is an animal that eats plants (a herbivore)

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13
Q

What is a producer

A

A producer is a organism that produces its own food such as a plant using alight energy to photosynthesise and produce glucose

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14
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass diagram

A

A pyramid of biomass is a diagram an which shows the biomass in different tropic levels of the food chain, often a pyramid as the later consumers are often larger

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15
Q

What is a pyramid of energy diagram

A

A pyramid of energy diagram shows the energy content of different tropic levels of he food chain, always a pyramid shape

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16
Q

What is a pyramid of number diagram

A

A pyramid of number diagram shows the number of individual organisms different tropic levels of a crook chain, often a pyramid shape

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17
Q

What is a secondary consumer

A

A secondary consumer is an mainland at eats the primary consumer

18
Q

What is a tertiary consumer

A

A tertiary consumer is an animal that eats secondary consumers

19
Q

What is a trophic level

A

A trophic level is a feeding level in a food chain or food web, such as producer, primary consumer…

20
Q

What is the carbon cycle

A

The carbon cycle is the cycle of carbon thought different forms and the environment

21
Q

What is combustion

A

Combustion is the burning of fossil fuels, puts carbon into the atmosphere

22
Q

What is denitrifying bacteria

A

Denitrifying bacteria are solid bacteria that convert nitrates in the soil to nitrogen gas, releases nitrogen into the atmosphere

23
Q

What are fossil fuels

A

Fossil fuels are fuels formed from organic material such as coal and oil, made from carbon

24
Q

What is nitrifying bacteria

A

Nitrifying bacteria is bacteria in the soil which converts ammonium ions into nitrite ions. So that the nitrite ions can be converted into nitrate ions which plants can absorb the nitrates.

25
Q

What is the nitrogen cycle

A

Th nitrogen cycle is the cycle of nitrogen through different forms, between living organisms and the environment

26
Q

What are nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria are found in the soil and leguminous plants, they convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium

27
Q

What is the water cycle

A

The water cycle is the cycle of water between living organisms and the environment

28
Q

What is acid rain and what does it consist of

A

Acid rain is rain that consists of a higher concentration of acidic gasses. Gasses include sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause rain to have a lower pH than normal

29
Q

What is deforestation

A

Deforestation is the destruction of large areas of forest or woodland

30
Q

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect

A

The enhanced greenhouse effect is am increase in greenhouse effect, most likely caused by the human activity, releasing greenhouse gasses

31
Q

What is Eutrophication

A

Eutrophication is the addition of nutrients to water, which may lead to an algae bloom.
the algae bloom stops light reaching the plants in the bottom of the water (lake / river)
Plants can’t respire, no oxygen.
Plants and fish can’t aerobically respire, they die

32
Q

What is global warming

A

Global warming is a warming of the Earths surface and atmosphere, possibly as a result of an enhanced greenhouse effect

33
Q

What is the greenhouse effect

A

The greenhouse effect is the warming effect caused by greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere that prevent some of the heat energy radiated by he Earths surface for, escaping into space

34
Q

What are greenhouse gasses

A

Greenhouse gasses are atmospheric gasses, such as carbon dioxide and water vapour, that trap some of the heat radiated from the earths surface and prevent it escaping into space

35
Q

What is leaching

A

Leaching is when substances, such as Fertilisers are washed off the surface of the soil by rain

36
Q

What is pollution

A

Pollution is damage to the environment, people and other organisms cause it, often as a result of adding chemicals to the air, water or land

37
Q

What is sewage

A

Sewage is human waste, faeces and urine, which needs to be disposed of

38
Q

What is soil erosion

A

Soil erosion is the washing away of soil as a result of rainfall when there is little vegetation to hold on to the soil

39
Q

what is Meiosis

A

sexual division of cells, two parents, produces genetic varied cells (haploid cells used, (gametes) have only half the chromosomes of a cell [23 each])

40
Q

what is Mitosis

A

Asexual division of cells, genetically identical, only requires one parent cell (diploid cells used, have 46 chromosomes in the cell used)

41
Q

what are haploid cells

A

haploid cells are cells with only 23 chromosomes, used in sexual reproduction (a gamete)

42
Q

what are diploid cells

A

diploid cells are cells with 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs, (in a healthy human cell there are 46 chromosomes)

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