levels of organism Flashcards
What is an organelle
Structure within a cell
what is an organelle
structure within a cell that carries out a particular function.
examples are the nucleus and the vacuole.
what is a system
it is a group of organs which work together for a specific function.
an example is a digestive system, the mouth, stomach and intestines work together to digest food.
what is a tissue
a tissue is a group of similar cells that have similar functions, such as muscle tissue.
what is an organ
an organ is a group of tissues that work together to achieve a specific function.
examples are the stomach or the heart
what does the cell membrane do
the cell membrane surrounds the cells, deciding what enters and leaves the cells through its selectively permeable membrane
what is the function of the cell wall
the cell wall surrounds a plant cell, giving the cell structure and shape.
prevents the turgid cells from bursting. Turgid cells support the plant
describe photosynthesis
the chemical process in which plants absorb ultraviolet light and carbon dioxide and create glucose and oxygen from these.
what is a chloroplast
a chloroplast are organelles only in the plant, where photosynthesis happens
what is the cytoplasm
Jelly liquid inside a cell, containing organelles, it is the place where many chemical reactions take place.
what are chromosomes
long DNA molecules, found in the nucleus.
what is the Vacuole
a large area in most plant cells, containing sap
what is a carbohydrate
a carbohydrate is a molecule, such as starch or glycogen, which is made of many simple sugars joined together.
what is made of lots of amino acids
proteins
what does starch enzymes break down into
carbohydrates
what do proteases enzymes break down into
protein
what do lipase enzymes break down into
fats (lipids)
what do carbohydrates break down to
simple sugar
what do proteins break down to
Aino acids
what do Fats(lipids) break down to
fatty acid and Glycerol
what makes a lipid
three fatty acid and one Glycerol
what is a muscle tissue made up of
it is made of proteins
what is a simple sugar
a simple sugar is a basic sugar unit like glucose, they can join together to form large carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen
how can glucose be tested
using Benedict solution, from blue to an orange-red precipitate
how can starch be tested
using iodine, from red to a blue-black precipitate
how can protein be tested
using copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide, it forms a violet precipitate
define diffusion
the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
define osmosis
the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
define active transport
the transfer of molecules across a cell membrane, against the concentration gradient, using energy from cell respiration.
