Inheritance Flashcards
What is an allele
An allele is one form of a gene, which produces a characteristic
What is antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance is resistance to the effect of an antibiotic by bacteria
What is a Base in DNA
A base is one of the molecules (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine) they join A with T and C with G
What is a chromosome
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule found in a cell nucleus
Define a clone
A clone is an individual that is genetically identical to other individuals. Dodo inane when both alleles for a gene are expressed in the phenotype. A daughter cell is produced by division of a parent cell.
What is a diploid
A diploid cell is a cell which contains two sets of chromosomes
What is DNA and what does it do
DNA is the chemical that forms chromosomes and carries the genetic code
Describe the shape of DNA
Double Helix
What is a family pedigree
A family pedigree is a diagram that shows the inheritance of different forms of characteristics through the generations within the family.
What is the genetic code
The genetic code is the code formed by the order of the bases in DNA that instructs cells how characteristics should be produced
What is a haploid cell
A haploid cell is a cell that contains only one set of chromosomes, such as gametes
What is Heterozygous
Heterozygous is where the two alleles for a gene are different in the genotype
What is homozygous
Homozygous is where the two alleles for a gene are the same in the genotype
What is ionising radiation
Ionising radiation is radiation such as gamma rays, X Ray’s and ultraviolet radiation which can damage cells and produce mutations of genes
What is meiosis
Meiosis is cell division which produces four haploid daughter cells, all genetically different, sexual
What is Mitosis
Mitosis is the cell division that produces two identical diploid daughter cells, used for growth and repair, asexual
What is a monohybrid cross
A monohybrid cross refers to the inheritance of a characteristic produced by one gene
What is a mutagen
A mutagen is a chemical that produces mutations in genes
What is a mutation
A mutation is a random change in a gene, producing a new allele/ characteristic
What is natural selection
Natural selection is the influence of the environment on survival and reproduction, so that organisms with surviving easily characteristics reproduce offspring with the same, the other populations die off slowly
What is a Phenotype
A Phenotype is the visible characteristics of an organism as a result of its genes. A punnet square is a form of genetic diagram.
What is a punnet square
A punnet square is a form of a genetic diagram
What are sex chromosomes
Sex chromosomes are the X and Y alleles in humans, XX for women, XY in men
