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Gross Anatomy 4 > The Orbit > Flashcards

The Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What ligaments act to restrict the movements of the medial and lateral recti of the eye?

A

The check ligaments

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2
Q

What forms the outer fibrous layer of the eyeball?

A

Sclera

Cornea

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3
Q

What is the role and innervation of the superior rectus?

A

Elevation, adduction and intorsion

Occulomotor CNIII

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4
Q

What structure of the eyeball is highlighted in this image?

A

Cornea

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5
Q

How is the aqueous humor of the eye recycled?

A

Drain back into the veins at the junction of the cornea and the sclera (the canal of Schlemm)

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6
Q

What is the role of the lacrimal nerve of CNV1?

A

Acts as a carrier for parasympathetic secretomotor fibres from the facial nerve (CN VII)

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7
Q

What is the blue bone?

A

Zygomatic bone

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8
Q

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye located?

A

Between the lens and cornea

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9
Q

Describe the location of the cranial nerves in the cavernous sinus

A

CN III, IV and V pass along the walls close to the dura

CN VI passes through the middle of the sinus close to the internal carotid artery

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10
Q

What is the function of the vitreous humor?

A

Supports the retina by pressing it to the choroid

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11
Q

What is the main nerve to the extraocular muscles?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)

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12
Q

Describe the process lubrication from the lacrimal gland?

A

Secretes a fluid to lubricate the eye and remove debris
Lies at the lateral edge of the orbit and releases tears onto the eye via tiny ducts
Wash across the eye and are gathered through the lacrimal punctum into the lacrimal canaliculi and then into the lacrimal sac

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13
Q

Describe the role of the tarsal plates of the eye

A

Physically protects the eye

Contains glands that release oily and watery secretions to lubricate the surface of the eye

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14
Q

What is the blood supply to the orbit?

A

Ophthalmic artery (a branch of ICA)

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15
Q

What structures support the corners of the eyelids?

A

The medial and lateral palpebral ligaments

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16
Q

What bone is shown in yellow?

A

Sphenoid bone

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17
Q

What is the role and innervation of the medial rectus?

A

Adduction

Oculomotor CNIII

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18
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery?

A

Forehead and scalp - supraorbital, supratrochlear, zygomaticotemporal

Nose - dorsal nasal and ethmoidal arteries

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19
Q

Describe the communications of the ophthalmic veins and the clinical significance of this?

A

Communicate with the cavernous venous sinus through the superior orbital fissure, with the pterygoid venous plexus through the inferior orbital fissure with the facial vein

Creates a potential spread of infection from the external structures to internal structures such as the dural meninges

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20
Q

What is the role and innervation of the inferior rectus muscle?

A

Depression, adduction and extorsion

Occulomotor CNIII

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21
Q

What is contained within the posterior chamber of the eye?

A

Vitreous humor

22
Q

What foramen sits in the maxilla?

A

Infraorbital foramen - infraorbital branch of CNV2 passes through to exit the skull and supply sensory innervation to the face

23
Q

What is the salmon pink bone?

A

The Frontal bone

24
Q

What is the contents of the orbit?

A 
Eyeball
Fat and connective tissue
Extraocular muscles
Nerves
Blood vessels
25
Q

What foramens are found in the sphenoid bone?

A

Optic canal - CNII
Superior orbital fissure - CN III, IV, V1, VI
Contributes to inferior orbital fissure

26
Q

What bone is shown in orange?

27
Q

What ligament supports the position of the eyeball within the orbit?

A

The suspensory ligament

28
Q

Describe the role and innervation of the Dilator Pupillae?

A

Increases the diameter of the pupil - allows more light into the retina
Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, carried on the blood vessels

29
Q

What does this image show and what bone makes up this structure?

A

Supraorbital ridge

Formed by the frontal bone

30
Q

Describe the nasciliary branch of CNV1?

A

Forms ethmoidal branches which go on to pass through the ethmoid bone

31
Q

What is the role and innervation of the ciliary muscle of the eye?

A

Changes the shape of the lens of the eye for accomodation
In absense of nerve stimulation it is relaxed. Parasympathetic causes the muscle to contract.

Occulomotor nerve - CNIII

32
Q

What makes the aqeous humor of the eye?

A

Ciliary body

33
Q

Describe the route of optic nerve CNII?

A

Gathers impulses from the light sensitive cells of the retina pass them to the brain to be interpreted

Leaves the orbit via the optic canal, forms a chiasma over the pituitary fossa then sends optic tracts towards the brain

Optic radiations then take the information to be processed in the visual cortex

34
Q

What do the supratrochlear and supraorbital branches of CNV1 do?

A

Pass onto the face via the supraorbital notch and supply sensory innervation to the forehead skin

35
Q

What bone is shown in purple?

36
Q

What is the role and innervation of the inferior oblique?

A

Extorsion, elevation and abduction

Occulomotor CNIII

37
Q

What is the role and innervation of the superior oblique?

A

Intorsion, depression and abduction
Trochlear CNIV

LR6SO4

38
Q

What is the role and innervation of the levator palpebrae?

A

Raises the upper eyelid

Occulomotor CN III

39
Q

What are the branches of CN VI (ophthalmic)?

A

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital (from frontal)
Lacrimal
Nasociliary

40
Q

What nerve lies on the surface of lateral rectus?

A

CN VI (abducens)

41
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Dilator Pupillae
Sphincter Pupillae
Ciliary muscle

42
Q

What is the role and innervation of lateral rectus?

A

Abduction
Abducent CNVI

LR6SO4

43
Q

Through which fossa do the nerves supplying the muscles of the eye pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

44
Q

What is the role of aqueous humour?

A

Helps to maintain the intra-occular pressure

45
Q

What structures are included in the middle, vascular layer of the eye?

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

46
Q

With what nerve does the ciliary ganglion communicate with?

A

CN III (oculomotor) and sends short ciliary nerves to the eyeball

47
Q

What bone is shown in green?

48
Q

Which part of the eye is the ‘blind spot’?

A

The optic disc, where the optic nerve leaves the retina

49
Q

What are the 7 extraoccular muscles of the eye?

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Superior, inferior, medial and lateral recti
Superior and Inferior oblique

50
Q

Describe the role and innervation of the Sphincter Pupillae?

A

Decreases the diameter of the pupil - restricts the amount of light entering
Parasympathetic innervation via CN III

51
Q

How does the ophthalmic artery enter the orbit?

A

With the optic nerve through the optic canal

Gross Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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