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Gross Anatomy 4 > Pharynx and Pre-Vertebral Region > Flashcards

Pharynx and Pre-Vertebral Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

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2
Q

What are the attachments of salpingopharyngeus?

A

Cartilage of the auditory tube

Blends with palatopharyngeus

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3
Q

What are the pre-vertebral muscles? (4)

A

Longus colli
Longus capitus
Rectus capitus anterior
Rectus capitus lateralis

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4
Q

What are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and their innervation?

A

Superior, Middle and Inferior constrictor

All innervated by Vagus nerve CNX (pharyngeal plexus)

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5
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Salpingopharyngeus

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6
Q

What cranial nerves contribute to the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Vagus CN X

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7
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx - CN V2
Oropharynx - CN V3
Laryngopharynx - CN X

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8
Q

What is this muscle?

A

The middle constrictor of the pharynx

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9
Q

Where does the lymphatics of the pharynx drain?

A

To the retropharyngeal and paratracheal nodes

Then drain to the deep cervical nodes

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10
Q

What are the attachments of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

The hard palate and palatine aponeurosis to the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

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11
Q

What is the role of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Elevates the larynx and pharynx during swallowing

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12
Q

What ganglion forms the ansa subclavia (a loop around the subclavian artery)?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

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13
Q

Where does the sympathetic ganglia of the neck lie?

A

Embedded within the deep fascia between the carotid sheath and fascia over the surface of longus capitis and colli

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14
Q

What is this muscle and innervation?

A

Longus Capitus

Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves C1-3

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15
Q

What are the muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor that pass to the midline?

A

The thyropharyngeus part of the inferior constrictor

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16
Q

What are the attachments of the middle constrictor muscle?

A

Lower part of the stylohyoid ligament to the greater and lesser coruna of the hyoid bone

Inserts into the midline raphe and blends with the superior and inferior constrictor muscles

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17
Q

What veins does the pharyngeal venous plexus communicate with?

A

Facial and internal jugular veins

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18
Q

What are the attachments of longus capitis?

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae anterior tubercles C3-6
To the base of the occipital bone

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19
Q

What is the role of the cricopharyngeus muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor?

A

Has a sphincter effect that prevents air entering into the oesophagus between swallowing

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20
Q

What is the role of the superior constrictor?

A

The upper fibres pull the posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly to close of the nasopharynx

Propels food to the middle constrictor

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21
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The pharyngeal raphe - fibrous join where the left and right sides of the constrictor muscles meet in the posterior midline

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22
Q

What is the role of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Lateral flexion of the head

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23
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Superior constrictor

24
Q

What muscles form the arches of the mouth?

A

Palatoglossus (anterior arch)

Palatopharyngeus (posterior arch)

25
What is the arterial supply to the pharynx?
Upper regions of the pharynx - pharyngeal branches from the maxillary artery Ascending pharyngeal artery from ECA
26
What are the attachments of the inferior constrictor muscle?
Lamina of the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage To the midline raphe and blends with the middle constrictor and oesophagus
27
What is the role of the middle constrictor muscle?
Propels food towards the inferior constrictor
28
What is the innervation of the cricopharyngeus fibres of the inferior constrictor?
The external laryngeal nerve of the vagus
29
What are the muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor?
Thyropharyngeus | Cricopharyngeus
30
What is the innervation of rectus capitis anterior and lateralis?
Ventral rami of cervical nerves C1-2 loop
31
What are the parts of longus colli?
Inferior oblique Superior oblique Vertical
32
What are the attachments of the stylopharyngeus muscle?
Base of the styloid process of the temporal bone | To the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage
33
What epithelium lines the pharynx?
Cliliated columnar epithelium at the nasopharynx | Stratified squamous epithelium inferiorly
34
Where is the laryngopharynx located?
Behind the larynx and laryngeal opening
35
What are the more circular fibres of the inferior constrictor muscle called?
Cricopharyngeus
36
What is the role of the longus capitis?
Flexion of the head
37
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
38
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Longus Colli | Ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves C2-6
39
What is the attachments of rectus capitits lateralis?
Transverse process of atlas to the occipital bone
40
What is this muscle?
Rectus capitus lateralis
41
True or False? | The vagus nerve supplies all the longitudanal muscles of the pharynx
False Supplies the Salpingopharyngeus and Palatopharyngeus CN IX supplies the stylopharyngeus
42
What is this muscle?
Rectus capitis anterior
43
What are the attachments of the superior constrictor?
Origin = lower part of the medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, mandible and the side of the tongue Inserts = pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone, fibrous raphe and the middle constrictor
44
What is the role of the inferior constrictor?
Propels food to the oesophagus
45
What are the actions of longus colli?
Flexion of the neck | Rotation to the opposite side of the neck - inferior oblique
46
Where does the oropharynx sit?
Between the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis
47
What are the 3 longitudinal muscle of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus
48
What are the attachments of rectus capitis anterior?
Anterior surface and root of the transverse process of atlas To the occipital bone
49
Where is the nasopharynx located?
Behind the nasal cavities, above the soft palate
50
What are the attachments of longus colli?
Atlas to T3
51
What is this muscle?
Stylopharyngeus
52
What muscle is this?
The inferior constrictor muscle
53
What is the role of the rectus capitis anterior?
Flexes the atlanto-occipital joint
54
What are the 3 interconnected ganglia of the sympathetic chain of the neck?
Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia
55
What is this muscle?
Palatopharyngeus

Gross Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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