Pharynx and Pre-Vertebral Region Flashcards
What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle?
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
What are the attachments of salpingopharyngeus?
Cartilage of the auditory tube
Blends with palatopharyngeus
What are the pre-vertebral muscles? (4)
Longus colli
Longus capitus
Rectus capitus anterior
Rectus capitus lateralis
What are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and their innervation?
Superior, Middle and Inferior constrictor
All innervated by Vagus nerve CNX (pharyngeal plexus)
What is this muscle?
Salpingopharyngeus
What cranial nerves contribute to the pharyngeal plexus?
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
Vagus CN X
What is the sensory innervation to the pharynx?
Nasopharynx - CN V2
Oropharynx - CN V3
Laryngopharynx - CN X
What is this muscle?
The middle constrictor of the pharynx
Where does the lymphatics of the pharynx drain?
To the retropharyngeal and paratracheal nodes
Then drain to the deep cervical nodes
What are the attachments of the palatopharyngeus muscle?
The hard palate and palatine aponeurosis to the lamina of the thyroid cartilage
What is the role of the stylopharyngeus muscle?
Elevates the larynx and pharynx during swallowing
What ganglion forms the ansa subclavia (a loop around the subclavian artery)?
Middle cervical ganglion
Where does the sympathetic ganglia of the neck lie?
Embedded within the deep fascia between the carotid sheath and fascia over the surface of longus capitis and colli
What is this muscle and innervation?
Longus Capitus
Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves C1-3
What are the muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor that pass to the midline?
The thyropharyngeus part of the inferior constrictor
What are the attachments of the middle constrictor muscle?
Lower part of the stylohyoid ligament to the greater and lesser coruna of the hyoid bone
Inserts into the midline raphe and blends with the superior and inferior constrictor muscles
What veins does the pharyngeal venous plexus communicate with?
Facial and internal jugular veins
What are the attachments of longus capitis?
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae anterior tubercles C3-6
To the base of the occipital bone
What is the role of the cricopharyngeus muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor?
Has a sphincter effect that prevents air entering into the oesophagus between swallowing
What is the role of the superior constrictor?
The upper fibres pull the posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly to close of the nasopharynx
Propels food to the middle constrictor
What is highlighted?
The pharyngeal raphe - fibrous join where the left and right sides of the constrictor muscles meet in the posterior midline
What is the role of rectus capitis lateralis?
Lateral flexion of the head
What is this muscle?
Superior constrictor
What muscles form the arches of the mouth?
Palatoglossus (anterior arch)
Palatopharyngeus (posterior arch)
What is the arterial supply to the pharynx?
Upper regions of the pharynx - pharyngeal branches from the maxillary artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery from ECA
What are the attachments of the inferior constrictor muscle?
Lamina of the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
To the midline raphe and blends with the middle constrictor and oesophagus
What is the role of the middle constrictor muscle?
Propels food towards the inferior constrictor
What is the innervation of the cricopharyngeus fibres of the inferior constrictor?
The external laryngeal nerve of the vagus
What are the muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor?
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus
What is the innervation of rectus capitis anterior and lateralis?
Ventral rami of cervical nerves C1-2 loop
What are the parts of longus colli?
Inferior oblique
Superior oblique
Vertical
What are the attachments of the stylopharyngeus muscle?
Base of the styloid process of the temporal bone
To the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage
What epithelium lines the pharynx?
Cliliated columnar epithelium at the nasopharynx
Stratified squamous epithelium inferiorly
Where is the laryngopharynx located?
Behind the larynx and laryngeal opening
What are the more circular fibres of the inferior constrictor muscle called?
Cricopharyngeus
What is the role of the longus capitis?
Flexion of the head
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Longus Colli
Ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves C2-6
What is the attachments of rectus capitits lateralis?
Transverse process of atlas to the occipital bone
What is this muscle?
Rectus capitus lateralis
True or False?
The vagus nerve supplies all the longitudanal muscles of the pharynx
False
Supplies the Salpingopharyngeus and Palatopharyngeus
CN IX supplies the stylopharyngeus
What is this muscle?
Rectus capitis anterior
What are the attachments of the superior constrictor?
Origin = lower part of the medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, mandible and the side of the tongue
Inserts = pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone, fibrous raphe and the middle constrictor
What is the role of the inferior constrictor?
Propels food to the oesophagus
What are the actions of longus colli?
Flexion of the neck
Rotation to the opposite side of the neck - inferior oblique
Where does the oropharynx sit?
Between the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis
What are the 3 longitudinal muscle of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
What are the attachments of rectus capitis anterior?
Anterior surface and root of the transverse process of atlas
To the occipital bone
Where is the nasopharynx located?
Behind the nasal cavities, above the soft palate
What are the attachments of longus colli?
Atlas to T3
What is this muscle?
Stylopharyngeus
What muscle is this?
The inferior constrictor muscle
What is the role of the rectus capitis anterior?
Flexes the atlanto-occipital joint
What are the 3 interconnected ganglia of the sympathetic chain of the neck?
Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia
What is this muscle?
Palatopharyngeus
