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Gross Anatomy 4 > Pharynx and Pre-Vertebral Region > Flashcards

Pharynx and Pre-Vertebral Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

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2
Q

What are the attachments of salpingopharyngeus?

A

Cartilage of the auditory tube

Blends with palatopharyngeus

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3
Q

What are the pre-vertebral muscles? (4)

A

Longus colli
Longus capitus
Rectus capitus anterior
Rectus capitus lateralis

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4
Q

What are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and their innervation?

A

Superior, Middle and Inferior constrictor

All innervated by Vagus nerve CNX (pharyngeal plexus)

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5
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Salpingopharyngeus

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6
Q

What cranial nerves contribute to the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Vagus CN X

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7
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx - CN V2
Oropharynx - CN V3
Laryngopharynx - CN X

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8
Q

What is this muscle?

A

The middle constrictor of the pharynx

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9
Q

Where does the lymphatics of the pharynx drain?

A

To the retropharyngeal and paratracheal nodes

Then drain to the deep cervical nodes

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10
Q

What are the attachments of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

The hard palate and palatine aponeurosis to the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

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11
Q

What is the role of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Elevates the larynx and pharynx during swallowing

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12
Q

What ganglion forms the ansa subclavia (a loop around the subclavian artery)?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

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13
Q

Where does the sympathetic ganglia of the neck lie?

A

Embedded within the deep fascia between the carotid sheath and fascia over the surface of longus capitis and colli

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14
Q

What is this muscle and innervation?

A

Longus Capitus

Ventral rami cervical spinal nerves C1-3

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15
Q

What are the muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor that pass to the midline?

A

The thyropharyngeus part of the inferior constrictor

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16
Q

What are the attachments of the middle constrictor muscle?

A

Lower part of the stylohyoid ligament to the greater and lesser coruna of the hyoid bone

Inserts into the midline raphe and blends with the superior and inferior constrictor muscles

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17
Q

What veins does the pharyngeal venous plexus communicate with?

A

Facial and internal jugular veins

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18
Q

What are the attachments of longus capitis?

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae anterior tubercles C3-6
To the base of the occipital bone

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19
Q

What is the role of the cricopharyngeus muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor?

A

Has a sphincter effect that prevents air entering into the oesophagus between swallowing

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20
Q

What is the role of the superior constrictor?

A

The upper fibres pull the posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly to close of the nasopharynx

Propels food to the middle constrictor

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21
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The pharyngeal raphe - fibrous join where the left and right sides of the constrictor muscles meet in the posterior midline

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22
Q

What is the role of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Lateral flexion of the head

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23
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Superior constrictor

24
Q

What muscles form the arches of the mouth?

A

Palatoglossus (anterior arch)

Palatopharyngeus (posterior arch)

25
Q

What is the arterial supply to the pharynx?

A

Upper regions of the pharynx - pharyngeal branches from the maxillary artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery from ECA

26
Q

What are the attachments of the inferior constrictor muscle?

A

Lamina of the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

To the midline raphe and blends with the middle constrictor and oesophagus

27
Q

What is the role of the middle constrictor muscle?

A

Propels food towards the inferior constrictor

28
Q

What is the innervation of the cricopharyngeus fibres of the inferior constrictor?

A

The external laryngeal nerve of the vagus

29
Q

What are the muscle fibres of the inferior constrictor?

A

Thyropharyngeus

Cricopharyngeus

30
Q

What is the innervation of rectus capitis anterior and lateralis?

A

Ventral rami of cervical nerves C1-2 loop

31
Q

What are the parts of longus colli?

A

Inferior oblique
Superior oblique
Vertical

32
Q

What are the attachments of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Base of the styloid process of the temporal bone

To the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

33
Q

What epithelium lines the pharynx?

A

Cliliated columnar epithelium at the nasopharynx

Stratified squamous epithelium inferiorly

34
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located?

A

Behind the larynx and laryngeal opening

35
Q

What are the more circular fibres of the inferior constrictor muscle called?

A

Cricopharyngeus

36
Q

What is the role of the longus capitis?

A

Flexion of the head

37
Q

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

38
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Longus Colli

Ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves C2-6

39
Q

What is the attachments of rectus capitits lateralis?

A

Transverse process of atlas to the occipital bone

40
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Rectus capitus lateralis

41
Q

True or False?

The vagus nerve supplies all the longitudanal muscles of the pharynx

A

False
Supplies the Salpingopharyngeus and Palatopharyngeus
CN IX supplies the stylopharyngeus

42
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Rectus capitis anterior

43
Q

What are the attachments of the superior constrictor?

A

Origin = lower part of the medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, mandible and the side of the tongue

Inserts = pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone, fibrous raphe and the middle constrictor

44
Q

What is the role of the inferior constrictor?

A

Propels food to the oesophagus

45
Q

What are the actions of longus colli?

A

Flexion of the neck

Rotation to the opposite side of the neck - inferior oblique

46
Q

Where does the oropharynx sit?

A

Between the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis

47
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal muscle of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

48
Q

What are the attachments of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Anterior surface and root of the transverse process of atlas
To the occipital bone

49
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located?

A

Behind the nasal cavities, above the soft palate

50
Q

What are the attachments of longus colli?

A

Atlas to T3

51
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Stylopharyngeus

52
Q

What muscle is this?

A

The inferior constrictor muscle

53
Q

What is the role of the rectus capitis anterior?

A

Flexes the atlanto-occipital joint

54
Q

What are the 3 interconnected ganglia of the sympathetic chain of the neck?

A

Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

55
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Palatopharyngeus

Gross Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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