Parotid Gland and Temporal Region

Question 1

What is the innervation of the muscles of mastication?

Answer 1

Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

Question 2

What are the attachments of medial pterygoid?

Answer 2

Superficial head - tubercle of maxilla
Deep head - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Inserts into medial surface of the angle of the mandible

Question 3

What is this muscle?

Answer 3

Masseter

Question 4

What are the attachments of temporalis?

Answer 4

Temporal fossa and fascia

To the coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible

Question 5

What is the deepest structure of the parotid gland?

Answer 5

Auriculotemporal nerve - a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 6

What are the divisions of Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)?

Answer 6

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Question 7

True or False?

All divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) carry sensory and motor branches

Answer 7

False!

Only the mandibular has both
Ophthalmic and Maxillary divisions are purely sensory

Question 8

What are the anterior branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 8

Superior Thyroid
Lingual
Facial

Question 9

What branch of CN V3 innervates the masseter?

Answer 9

Masseteric nerve from anterior division of CN V3

Question 10

What is this muscles?

Answer 10

Temporalis

Question 11

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)?

Answer 11

Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal 
Mandibular 
Cervical

Question 12

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

Answer 12

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

Question 13

What forms the retromandibular vein?

Answer 13

Union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins

Question 14

What muscle does the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve supply?

Answer 14

Posterior belly of Occipitofrontalis - a muscle of the scalp

Question 15

What regions of the face does the parotid lymph nodes drain?

Answer 15

Parotid gland
Part of forehead
Oribital region

Question 16

What are the attachments of masseter?

Answer 16

Zygomatic arch

To the lateral aspect of the ramus

Question 17

Describe what movements the different fibres of temporalis do?

Answer 17

Anterior and Superior fibres - elevate mandible

Posterior fibres - Retract mandible

Question 18

What movements does the medial pterygoid assist in?

Answer 18

Elevations
Lateral chewing (with lateral pterygoids)

Question 19

Where does the parotid gland sit?

Answer 19

Lateral side of the face, passes from near the external auditory meatus inferiorly toward the mandible
Sits around 1 fingers breadth below the zygomatic arch

Question 20

What movements does the masseter muscle facilitate?

Answer 20

Elevation of the mandible

Question 21

What are the vessels that are found in the parotid gland?

Answer 21

Superficial temporal vein

External carotid artery

Question 22

Upon fibres of which nerve does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) hitch a ride with to reach the parotid gland?

Answer 22

Trigeminal nerve - CN V

Question 23

What are the movements of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Answer 23

Protrusion - pulls the neck of the mandible forwards with the articular disc (both sides)
Lateral chewing movements alongside medial pterygoid (one side)

Question 24

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 24

Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery

Question 25

What branches of CN V3 innervate temporalis?

Answer 25

Deep temporal nerves (x2) from the anterior division of CN V3

Question 26

What is the relationship of the facial nerve (CN VII) and the parotid gland?

Answer 26

Once the facial nerve exits skull it passes into the parotid gland Divides the gland into a superficial and deep part before it divides into 5 branches that supply the muscles of facial expression

Question 27

What are the attachments of lateral pterygoid?

Answer 27

Upper head - infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid Lower head - lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate Inserts into neck of mandible and the articular disc

Question 28

Describe the carrying action of the lingual nerve (branch of CN V3)

Answer 28

Lingual nerve is joined by chorda tympani carrying parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve (CN VII) to the submandibular (ganglion) and sublingual glands Provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 29

What are the movements of the mandible?

Answer 29

Elevation and Depression Protrusion and Retrusion Lateral Sliding

Question 30

What nerve supplies the parotid gland?

Answer 30

Glossopharyngeal Nerve - CN IX

Question 31

How does the parotid gland enter the mouth?

Answer 31

Pierces the Buccinator muscle and enters the oral cavity at the upper second molar

Question 32

What are the posterior branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 32

Occipital Posterior auricular Ascending pharyngeal