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Gross Anatomy 4 > Cranial Fossa and Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Fossa and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the optic nerve (CN II) an extension of?

A

Diencephalon

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2
Q

What is the nerve being highlighted?

A

Abducent nerve - CNVI

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3
Q

What is the pathway of the spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)?

A

Originates in the spinal cord

Enters foramen magnum and joins cranial root before passing through the jugular foramen

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4
Q

What nerve supplies taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

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5
Q

What nerves pass though the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNVII - Facial nerve

CNVIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve

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6
Q

What is the route taken by the hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)?

A

Originates in the medulla oblongata (anterior to the olive)
Passes through the hypoglossal canal
Enters the root of the tongue above the hyoid

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7
Q

What do the sensory fibres of the facial nerve (CNVII) supply?

A

Supplies fibres to the auricle

Special sense of taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

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8
Q

What is the olfactory nerve an outgrowth of?

A

Telencephalon

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9
Q

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A

Internal jugular vein
CNIX - Glossopharyngeal nerve
CNX - Vagus nerve
CNXI - Spinal accessory nerve

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10
Q

Describe the pathway of the facial (CN VII) nerve

A

Originates in the pons

Passes through the internal acoustic meatus and into the temporal bone

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11
Q

What is this and what structure attaches to it?

A

Crista Galli

Dura Mater attaches here

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12
Q

What nerve is being highlighted?

A

Trochlear nerve - CNIV

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13
Q

Describe the route of the olfactory nerve

A

Passes from the mucosa of the nose through to the cribiform plate to synapse in the olfactory bulb
Tracts back to the prepiriform area of the amygdala

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14
Q

What is being highlighted?

A

Jugular Foramen

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15
Q

What is being highlighted?

A

Hypoglossal Canal

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16
Q

Describe the pathway of the vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerve?

A

Vestibular apparatus and auditory apparatus
Through the internal auditory meatus
To the pons/medulla oblongata

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17
Q

What is the role of the olfactory nerve (CN I)?

A

Provides the sense of smell

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18
Q

Describe the route of the optic nerve (CN II)

A

Runs from the retina through the optic canal, then forms the optic chiasm and optic tracts

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19
Q

What is being highlighted?

A

Cribiform plate

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20
Q

In which part of the brain is the visual cortex?

A

Occipital lobe

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21
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A 
CNV1 = Ophthalmic division
CNV2 = Maxillary division
CNV3 = Mandibular division
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22
Q

Describe the role of CNV3?

A

Supplies sensory to the ear canal, parotid gland, lower jaw and teeth

Motor to the muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, veli tensor palatini

23
Q

What is the role of the abducent nerve (CNVI)?

A

Motor innervation to the lateral rectus

24
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve and through which foramen do they leave the skull?

A 
CNV1 = Ophthalmic, Superior orbital fissure
CNV2 = Maxillary, Foramen rotundum
CNV3 = Mandibular, Foramen ovale
25
Q

What are the actions of the occulomotor nerve?

A

Supplies somatic motor and parasympathetic innervation

Motor - inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus and medial rectus, levator palpabrae

Parasympathetic - sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle

26
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CNXII - Hypoglossal nerve

27
Q

What do the green and blue arrows indicate?

A 
Blue = Foramen rotundum
Green = Foramen ovale
28
Q

What lobes of the brain lie in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobes

29
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Olfactory tract and bulb

30
Q

What is this foramen?

A

Foramen Lacerum

31
Q

What is being highlighted?

A

Foramen magnum

32
Q

What is the pathway taken by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A

Originates in the medulla oblongata

Passes through the jugular foramen

33
Q

What fossa is this and what part of the brain lies here?

A

Posterior fossa

Cerebellum

34
Q

What is being highlighted?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

35
Q

What nerves arise from the midbrain?

A

Occulomotor CN VIII

Trochlear CN IV

36
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?

A

Motor to all the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Motor to all extrinsic except palatoglossus

37
Q

Through which foramen does the vagus nerve (CNX) leave the skull?

A

Via the jugular foramen

38
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

39
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve that supply the muscles of facial expression?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
Posterior Auricular
40
Q

What nerve is highlighted?

A

Occulomotor - CNIII

41
Q

What structures pass through the cavernous venous sinus?

A

CN III, IV and V pass in the lateral wall

CN VI runs through the middle with the internal carotid artery

42
Q

What muscles does the spinal accessory (CN XI) supply motor innervation to?

A

Trapezius and SCM

43
Q

Describe the role of CNV2?

A

Supplies general sensory innervation to skin of cheek, lower eyelid, upper jaw and teeth, side of the nose and the mucosa of the mouth

44
Q

What is the only cranial nerve in which all fibres cross to the oposite side?

A

Trochlear CN IV

45
Q

What enters the middle cranial fossa through the foramen lacerum?

A

Internal carotid artery

46
Q

Describe the pathway of the occulomotor nerve?

A

Arises in the midbrain
Travels through the superior orbital fissure to the orbit
Runs in the lateral wall of the cavernous dural venous sinus and through the annular ring

47
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The middle cranial fossa

48
Q

Describe the role of CNV1?

A

Supplies general sensory to the eye, lacrimal gland, eyebrow, skin of the forehead, nose.

49
Q

What is the role of the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?

A

Provides motor fibres to the superior oblique muscle of the eye

50
Q

Through which foramen does the Abducent (CNVI) pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

51
Q

What is the foramen highlighted?

A

Foramen spinosum

52
Q

What cranial nerve passes through the foramen magnum?

A

The spinal part of the spinal accessory nerve CNXI

53
Q

What fossa is shown and what part of the brain sits here?

A

Anterior fossa

Frontal lobes of the brain

54
Q

What foramen does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure to reach the orbit

Gross Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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