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Gross Anatomy 4 > Anterior Triangle of the Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Platysma

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2
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

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3
Q

What runs within the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

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4
Q

What are the branches of the common carotid arteries?

A

Internal carotid - runs to the brain

External carotid - supplies head, face and neck

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior border = imaginary midline of the neck
Posterior border = anterior border of the SCM
Base = Mandible

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6
Q

What are the branches of the vagus nerve that supplies the structures of the neck?

A

Right and Left recurrent laryngeal branches
Left loops under the arch of the aorta
Right loops under the subclavian artery

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7
Q

What are the muscular relationships of the cervical plexus?

A

Lies anterior to the levator scapulae and scalenus medius

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8
Q

What is the role of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

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9
Q

What nerve supplies the submandibular gland?

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

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10
Q

What arteries are given off by the 1st part of the subclavian?

A

Vertebral branch to the brain

Thyrocervical trunk to structures of the neck

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid - a branch of the external carotid artery

Inferior thyroid - a branch of thyrocervical trunk (from the subclavian)

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12
Q

Describe the attachments of mylohyoid

A

Attaches to the mylohyoid line of the mandible and to the hyoid bone
Forms a diaphragm on the floor of the oral cavity

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13
Q

True or False?

The suprahyoid muscles are commonly referred to as the strap muscles

A

False!

It is the infrahyoid muscles that are also known as the strap muscles

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14
Q

Between which veins does the thoracic duct empty lymph into the venous system?

A

At the junction of the Internal jugular and the subclavian veins

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15
Q

How does the origin of the common carotid artery vary on each side of the neck?

A

Left side - direct branch of the arch of the aorta

Right side - arises from the brachiocephalic artery

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16
Q

Describe the attachments of the digastric muscle?

A

Has 2 bellies divided by a small tendon that pass through a loop of connective tissue and attaches to the hyoid bone

Anterior belly - attaches to mandible
Posterior belly - attaches to mastoid process of temporal bone

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17
Q

What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus?

A

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

18
Q

What rami make up the cervical plexus?

A

Anterior rami of C1 - C4

19
Q

Describe the attachments of omohyoid

A

Superior belly - attaches to the hyoid bone. Becomes tendinous near the clavicle and passes through a small fascial sling that attaches to clavicle
Inferior belly - attaches to the scapula

20
Q

What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Ansa cervicalis

Exception is the thyrohyoid which is innervated by C1 via the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

21
Q

What are the attachments of the platysma muscle?

A

From the fascia above the pectoralis major and clavicle

To lateral neck and onto the mandible

22
Q

What muscle divides the anterior and posterior triangle?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

23
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Anterior aspect of the neck
Runs from the lamina of the thyroid cartilage down to the 6th tracheal ring
The isthimus lies over tracheal rings 2 or 3

24
Q

What is the role of the cervical plexus?

A

Provides motor innervation to some of the muscles in the anterior triangle of the neck
Gives sensory innervation to the skin of neck

25
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?

A

Three veins - Superior, middle and inferior on each side

Superior and middle drain into internal jugular veins
Both inferior veins drain into LEFT brachiocephalic vein

26
Q

What are the 3 sets of salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

27
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

A nerve tissue loop that is composed of C1-C3 that supplies motor innervation to the supra and infra hyoid muscles

28
Q

What is the role of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

To raise the hyoid bone.

Myloid and digastric also act to depress the mandible

29
Q

Describe the attachments of stylohyoid

A

Attaches to styloid process of temporal bone and the hyoid

30
Q

Describe the attachments of geniohyoid

A

Lies deep to mylohyoid

Attaches to inferior genial tubercle of mandible and the hyoid bone

31
Q

What are the parts of the thyroid gland?

A

2 lobes - left and right
Connected by isthmus
Parathyroid glands are embedded on posterior surface

32
Q

Where does the submandibular gland secrete saliva?

A

One duct on each side and open between the first and second lower incisor (either side of the frenulum)

33
Q

What are the fascial layers of the neck?

A

Superficial fascia which lies just below the neck. Deep fascia is split into different sections depending on the area they cover.

Investing layer
Pre-tracheal layer
Pre-vertebral layer
Alar fascia and carotid sheath

34
Q

What is the innervation of the supra-hyoid muscles?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII) - supplies stylohyoid and the posterior belly of digastric

Trigeminal (CN V3) - Mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric

C1 via the hypoglossal (CN XII) - geniohyoid

35
Q

What are the jugular veins of the neck?

A

External jugular - lies anterior to the SCM in the posterior triangle
Internal jugular - lies posterior to the SCM in the anterior triangle
Anterior jugular - found in the midline of the neck and can be absent

36
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles (4)?

A

Digastric muscles
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid

37
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located?

A

Superior to the mylohyoid in in the floor of the mouth

38
Q

What fascial layer covers the cervical plexus?

A

Pre-vertebral level of the deep fascia

39
Q

What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery that supply the neck?

A

Superior thyroid - passes down neck to thyroid
Lingual - passes into floor of oral cavity to supply the tongue
Facial - crosses anterior surface of mandible to supply the face

40
Q

What are the divisions of the anterior triangle?

A

Submental
Submandibular
Carotid
Muscular

41
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma muscle?

A

Facial nerve CN VII

Gross Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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