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Gross Anatomy 4 > The ear > Flashcards

The ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the tympanic cavity?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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2
Q

What is the role of the tensor tympanii muscle?

A

Tenses the tympanic membrane

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3
Q

Describe the bony component of the inner ear

A

Surrounded by the otic capsule which is a very dense bone within the petrous portion of the temporal bone
The bony labarynth is a system of bony canals filled with perilymph made up of the cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals

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4
Q

What ossicle is attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

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5
Q

Describe how vibration passes from the middle ear to the inner ear

A

Passes from the footplate to the oval window. The window vibrates and sends the sound waves to the perilymph of the scala vestibuli
The scale vestibuli ascends to the top of the helicotrema then the wave passes to the scala tympani which transports it to the round window

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6
Q

What fluids of the inner ear conduct sound vibrations?

A

Perilymph (boney and membranous components)

Endolymph (membranous)

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7
Q

What are the attachments of the stapedius muscle and what is its innervation?

A

Origin - pyramid of the middle ear
Inserts - neck of stapes

CN VII

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8
Q

What is the function of the auricle?

A

Catches sound waves and funnels them toward the external auditory meatus

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9
Q

What is the role of the eustacian tube?

A

Equalises pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

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10
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the inner ear?

A

Tensor tympani

Stapedius

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11
Q

What lines the tympanic membrane?

A

Outer surface = stratified sqaumous epithelium,

Inner surface = covered by a mucous membrane

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12
Q

What do the cells of the organ of corti do?

A

Detect movement and transform it to a nerve impulse to the cochlear nerve

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13
Q

What is the role of the stapedius muscle?

A

Pulls the footplate of the stapes laterally

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14
Q

What are the attachments and innervation of tensor tympanii?

A

Origin- wall of auditory tube
Inserts- handle of the malleus

CN V3

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15
Q

What branch of CNVII crosses the medial surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Chorda Tympani

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16
Q

What is housed within the ampulla of the semicircular canals?

A

Equilibrium receptors called crista ampullaris. Respond to angular movements of the head

17
Q

What equilibrium cells are present within the urticle and saccule?

A

Maculae - respond to the pull of gravity and changes in head position

18
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the eustacian tube?

A

CN IX

19
Q

Describe the structure of the external auditory meatus?

A

Tubular structure around 2.5cm. Runs from the opening of the auricle into the petrous bone and ends at the tympanic membrane

Lateral 1/3 - elastic cartilage, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands
Medial 2/3 - bone lined with stratified sqaumous epithelium

20
Q

What is the membranous component of the inner ear?

A

A continuous system of ducts and sac inside the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

21
Q

What structures of the ear belong in the external portion?

A

Auricle
External auditory meatus
External surface of the tympanic membrane

22
Q

Describe the role and path of the chorda tympanii nerve?

A

Leaves tympanic cavity via the petrotympanic fissure and joins the lingual nerve

Parasympathetic - supplies the sub-lingual and sub-mandibular glands
Supplies taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

23
Q

Describe the eustacian tube?

A

Connects the nasopahrynx with the tympanic cavity
Lateral aspect - bony canal lined with mucosa
Medial aspect - cartilagenous, membranous tube

24
Q

What are the 3 semicircular canals of the ear?

A

Anterior, posterior and lateral
Anterior and posterior are at right angles
lateral is horizontal

25
Q

What is the arterial supply to the auricle?

A

Recieves blood from branches of the ECA

  • Superficial temporal
  • Anterior auricular
  • Posterior auricular
26
Q

What type of cartilage forms the external ear?

A

Elastic cartilage - allows ear to be bent without being damaged

27
Q

What structures of the ear are found in the inner compartment?

A 
Auditory apparatus 
Vestibular apparatus
Internal auditory meatus
CN VIII
Oval and Round window
28
Q

True or False?

The eustacian tube is usually open

A

False

Usually closed but opens when the tensor veli palatini contract (yawning, swallowing etc.)

29
Q

What is the combined action of the muscles of the inner ear?

A

Dampen the sound being passed from the ossicles to the more delicate inner ear structures

30
Q

What is the innervation of the tympanic membrane?

A

Lateral surface - auriculotemporal nerve (CNV3) and the auricular branch of the vagus (CNX)

Medial surface - tympanic branches of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Gross Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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