Oral Cavity Flashcards by Charlotte Gemmell

Describe the nerves that supplies taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Chorda Tympani of CNVII. Fibres are carried by lingual nerve to the anterior portion of the tongue

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Palatine glands are embedded in the mucosa of the hard palate, what nerve innervates these?

Facial nerve CN VII

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What are the extrinsic tongue muscles? (4)

Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus

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What is this muscle and its role?

Genioglossus

Depress the tongue and protrude the tip

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What is this muscle, its role and innervation?

Genioglossal - C1 nerves carried in CN IX

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What is the nerve supply to the teeth?

Branches of CNV2 supply the upper teeth and gums

Branches of CNV3 supply lower teeth and gums

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What bones make up the hard palate?

Maxilla and Palatine

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What is this muscle and its role?

Styloglossus

Elevates and retracts the tongue

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What is the blood supply to the teeth and gums?

Alveolar branches of the maxillary artery

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What is the innervation of the parotid gland and where does it open into the oral cavity?

CN IX

Opens at the upper 2nd molar on each side

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What are the attachments and the role of palatoglossus?

From the palatine aponeurosis to the tongue

Elevates the tongue and helps close the oral cavity from the oropharynx

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What is the blood supply to the palate?

Greater palatine artery
Arises in pterygopalatine fossa as branch of maxillary artery then descends the palatine canal to enter the greater palatine foramen

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What is the innervation of the muscles of the soft palate?

All innervated by CN X except for tensor veli palatine which is innervated by CN V3

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What muscle forms a diaphragm on the floor of the mouth?

Mylohyoid

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What is the main nerve of motor supply to the tongue?

Hypoglossal nerve CN XII

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What is this muscle, its role and innervation?

Digastric muscle - works to elevate the hyoid or depress the mandible

Anterior belly = CN V3
Posterior belly = CN VII

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What is the role of the musculus uvulae and where does it attach?

Forms the muscular core of the uvula - from the palatine bones to the palatine aponeurosis
Elevates and retracts the uvula

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What is the innervation of the submandibular gland and where does it open into the oral cavity?

CN VII

Duct opens between the 1st and 2nd incisors on either side of the frenulum on the floor, on each side

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What is this muscle and its role?

Hyoglossus

Depresses the tongue

What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Hypoglossal - CN XII

Exception is palatoglossus (CN X)

What papillae of the tongue act as a rough divide between the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and the posterior 1/3?

Vallate papillae

What is the innervation of the palate?

Branches of CNV2 from the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion

What is the sensory innervation of the palates?

Branches of the greater and lesser palatine nerves (CN V2)

Also from CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

What are the 5 muscles of the soft palate?

Levator veli palatine
Tensor veli palatine
Musculus uvulae
Palatoglossus 
Palatopharyngeus

What cranial nerve is responsible for the gag reflex?

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

What is the venous drainage of the tongue?

Mainly via the lingual vein which communicates with IJV

What is this muscle?

Salpingopharyngeus

What is this muscle, its role and innervation?

Mylohyoid - CN V3# Elevates the hyoid and oral floor or depresses the mandible

What is the blood supply to the tongue?

The lingual artery | 2nd anterior branch of ECA

What is the lymphatic drainage of the tongue?

Tip drains to submental Lateral aspects drain to submandibular Central and posterior aspects drain into the deep cervical nodes

What nerve is the lingual nerve a branch of and what is its role?

Branch of CN V3 Supplies sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue Also carries taste and parasympathetic fibres from CN VII

Describe the attachments of the muscles of the oral cavity to the mandible

Mylohyoid - attaches to the mylohyoid line of the mandible Geniohyoid - attaches to the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible Genioglossus - attaches to the superior genial tubercle

What is this muscle, its role and its innervation?

Stylohyoid - CN VII Elevates the hyoid bone

What are the supra-hyoid muscles? (4)

Mylohyoid Digastric Stylohyoid Geniohyoid

What muscles forms the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

Buccinator

What is the innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX | Supplies both taste and general sensory

What is this muscle, its action and its attachments?

Tensor veli palatini - Tenses the soft palate Runs from cartilage of auditory tube, wraps tendon round pterygoid hamulus then to the palatine aponeurosis

Where is the main lymphatic drainage of the palates?

Deep cervical nodes

What is the innervation of the sub-lingual gland and where does it open into the oral cavity?

CN VII | Has many small ducts that open directly into the floor of the mouth

What is this muscle and its role?

Palatoglossus | Elevates the tongue and moves the soft palate

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Parotid Sublingual Submandibular

What is the innervation of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

Palatoglossal - CN X in pharyngeal plexus | Hypoglossal (CNXII) supplies the rest

What is this muscle, its role and attachments?

Levator Veli Palatini - Acts to raise the soft palate Runs from petrous temporal bone and cartilage of auditory tube to the palatine aponeurosis

Describe the tissue folds that sit on either side of the uvula

Anterior fold = palatoglossal arches Posterior fold = palatopharyngeal arches Arches are created by the muscles of the palate that pass to the tongue and pharynx

What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Move the tongue around the oral cavity | Helps mold the food and pass the bolus back to the oral cavity to be swallowed