Oral Cavity Flashcards
Describe the nerves that supplies taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
Chorda Tympani of CNVII. Fibres are carried by lingual nerve to the anterior portion of the tongue
Palatine glands are embedded in the mucosa of the hard palate, what nerve innervates these?
Facial nerve CN VII
What are the extrinsic tongue muscles? (4)
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
What is this muscle and its role?
Genioglossus
Depress the tongue and protrude the tip
What is this muscle, its role and innervation?
Genioglossal - C1 nerves carried in CN IX
What is the nerve supply to the teeth?
Branches of CNV2 supply the upper teeth and gums
Branches of CNV3 supply lower teeth and gums
What bones make up the hard palate?
Maxilla and Palatine
What is this muscle and its role?
Styloglossus
Elevates and retracts the tongue
What is the blood supply to the teeth and gums?
Alveolar branches of the maxillary artery
What is the innervation of the parotid gland and where does it open into the oral cavity?
CN IX
Opens at the upper 2nd molar on each side
What are the attachments and the role of palatoglossus?
From the palatine aponeurosis to the tongue
Elevates the tongue and helps close the oral cavity from the oropharynx
What is the blood supply to the palate?
Greater palatine artery
Arises in pterygopalatine fossa as branch of maxillary artery then descends the palatine canal to enter the greater palatine foramen
What is the innervation of the muscles of the soft palate?
All innervated by CN X except for tensor veli palatine which is innervated by CN V3
What muscle forms a diaphragm on the floor of the mouth?
Mylohyoid
What is the main nerve of motor supply to the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve CN XII
What is this muscle, its role and innervation?
Digastric muscle - works to elevate the hyoid or depress the mandible
Anterior belly = CN V3
Posterior belly = CN VII
What is the role of the musculus uvulae and where does it attach?
Forms the muscular core of the uvula - from the palatine bones to the palatine aponeurosis
Elevates and retracts the uvula
What is the innervation of the submandibular gland and where does it open into the oral cavity?
CN VII
Duct opens between the 1st and 2nd incisors on either side of the frenulum on the floor, on each side
What is this muscle and its role?
Hyoglossus
Depresses the tongue
What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal - CN XII
Exception is palatoglossus (CN X)
What papillae of the tongue act as a rough divide between the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and the posterior 1/3?
Vallate papillae
What is the innervation of the palate?
Branches of CNV2 from the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion
What is the sensory innervation of the palates?
Branches of the greater and lesser palatine nerves (CN V2)
Also from CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
What are the 5 muscles of the soft palate?
Levator veli palatine Tensor veli palatine Musculus uvulae Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus
What cranial nerve is responsible for the gag reflex?
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
What is the venous drainage of the tongue?
Mainly via the lingual vein which communicates with IJV
What is this muscle?
Salpingopharyngeus
What is this muscle, its role and innervation?
Mylohyoid - CN V3#
Elevates the hyoid and oral floor or depresses the mandible
What is the blood supply to the tongue?
The lingual artery
2nd anterior branch of ECA
What is the lymphatic drainage of the tongue?
Tip drains to submental
Lateral aspects drain to submandibular
Central and posterior aspects drain into the deep cervical nodes
What nerve is the lingual nerve a branch of and what is its role?
Branch of CN V3
Supplies sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Also carries taste and parasympathetic fibres from CN VII
Describe the attachments of the muscles of the oral cavity to the mandible
Mylohyoid - attaches to the mylohyoid line of the mandible
Geniohyoid - attaches to the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible
Genioglossus - attaches to the superior genial tubercle
What is this muscle, its role and its innervation?
Stylohyoid - CN VII
Elevates the hyoid bone
What are the supra-hyoid muscles? (4)
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
What muscles forms the lateral walls of the oral cavity?
Buccinator
What is the innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Supplies both taste and general sensory
What is this muscle, its action and its attachments?
Tensor veli palatini - Tenses the soft palate
Runs from cartilage of auditory tube, wraps tendon round pterygoid hamulus then to the palatine aponeurosis
Where is the main lymphatic drainage of the palates?
Deep cervical nodes
What is the innervation of the sub-lingual gland and where does it open into the oral cavity?
CN VII
Has many small ducts that open directly into the floor of the mouth
What is this muscle and its role?
Palatoglossus
Elevates the tongue and moves the soft palate
What are the 3 salivary glands?
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
What is the innervation of the extrinsic tongue muscles?
Palatoglossal - CN X in pharyngeal plexus
Hypoglossal (CNXII) supplies the rest
What is this muscle, its role and attachments?
Levator Veli Palatini - Acts to raise the soft palate
Runs from petrous temporal bone and cartilage of auditory tube to the palatine aponeurosis
Describe the tissue folds that sit on either side of the uvula
Anterior fold = palatoglossal arches
Posterior fold = palatopharyngeal arches
Arches are created by the muscles of the palate that pass to the tongue and pharynx
What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Move the tongue around the oral cavity
Helps mold the food and pass the bolus back to the oral cavity to be swallowed
