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AEU > The oral cavity 1 > Flashcards

The oral cavity 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Whare are the roles of the alimentary system? (Hint there are 7)

A
  • prehension of food
  • mastication
  • motility
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • secretion
  • expulsion
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2
Q

What is prehension?

A
  • getting food into the mouth
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3
Q

What is mastication?

A
  • mechanical break of food with teeth
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4
Q

What is deglutition?

A
  • swallowing - food passes from oral cavity to oesophagus (voluntary then involuntary)
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5
Q

what is the Latin name for the upper lip?

A
  • labia superius
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6
Q

What is the Latin name for the lower lip?

A
  • labia inferius
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7
Q

What is the angle of the mouth called?

A
  • angulus oris
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8
Q

What are the labial glands?

A
  • small salivary glands around the mouth opening
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9
Q

what are the lips and cheeks made up of?

A
  • outer integument
  • middle muscular and fibroelastic
  • inner mucosal layer
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10
Q

The oral (or buccal) cavity extends from… to ….

A
  • from lips to pharynx entrance
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11
Q

What boundary describes the lips and cheeks?

A
  • lateral/rostral
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12
Q

what boundary describes the hard palate?

A
  • dorsal
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13
Q

What boundary describes the tongue and ventral mucosal surfaces?

A
  • ventral
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14
Q

what boundary describes the palatoglossal arch?

A
  • caudal
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14
Q

what is the vestibule?

A
  • area between teeth and cheeks
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15
Q

what is the philtrum?

A
  • the middle groove in the upper lip that runs from the top of the lip to the nose
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15
Q

What is the medial sulcus?

A
  • divides the dorsum of the tongue into symmetrical halves
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16
Q

What is present on the hard palate?

A
  • transverse ridges
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17
Q

What is the palatine raphe?

A
  • the line that runs between the transverse ridges
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18
Q

Name the components that make up the oral cavity? (hint there are 9)

A
  1. tongue
  2. hard palate
  3. nasopharynx
  4. soft palate
  5. oropharynx
  6. epiglottis
  7. larynx
  8. oesophagus
  9. trachea
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19
Q

What component do horses have that other species don’t have?

A
  • The guttural pouch
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20
Q

What are the muscles of prehension?

A
  • zygomaticus
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Buccinator
  • orbicularis oris
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21
Q

What does the zygomaticus muscle do?

A
  • retract angle of mouth
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22
Q

What does the Levator labii superioris muscle do?

A
  • elevates upper lip, draw to one side
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23
Q

What does the Buccinator muscle do?

A
  • keeps food between the teeth while chewing
24
Q

What does the orbicularis oris muscle do?

A
  • closes lips, for prehending food or water
25
Q

What is the interdental space in equines?

A
  • the space between incisors/ canine and cheek teeth
26
Q

What is the dental or browsing pad in ruminants?

A
  • its the lack of upper incisors but instead have a hard pad
27
Q

What is the tongue?

A
  • muscle tissue with root attached to hyoid bone with free apex
28
Q

what is the frenulum?

A
  • It attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
29
Q

What shape tongue do horses and dogs have?

A
  • U shaped tongue becoming broader towards the tip
30
Q

What shape tongue do cattle, sheep and pigs have?

A
  • Have a v shaped tongue with a pointed apex
31
Q

What is the torus linguae?

A
  • swelling which pushed food against the hard palate
31
Q

What is the median sulcus?

A
  • furrow in the centre of the tongue
32
Q

Name the components of the tongue?

A
  • apex
  • body
  • median sulcus/groove
  • vallate papillae (found at the back of the tongue)
  • fungiform papillae ( found nearer the apex)
  • palatoglossal arch
  • palatine tonsil
  • epiglottis
  • frenulum
33
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A
  • grooming
  • lapping
  • prehension
  • manipulation
  • deglutition
  • vocalisation
34
Q

What fibres are present in the tongue?

A
  • Longitudinal fibres
  • transverse fibres
  • vertical fibres
35
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A
  • dorsal and ventral longitudinal
  • to shorten, narrow and flatten tongue
36
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what do they each do?

A
  • styloglossus - retracts and elevates tongue
  • genioglossus - protrudes and depresses tongue
  • hyoglossus - retracts and depresses tongue
  • Geniohyoideus - below tongue, pulls hyoid and tongue forward
37
Q

What is the lingual frenulum?

A
  • tissue band connecting ventral aspect of tongue with floor of oral cavity
38
Q

What is the lyssa?

A
  • cartilaginous band medially on ventral side of tongue apex
  • used to curve tongue and facilitate prehension/lapping of water
39
Q

What are cranial nerves?

A

= nerves arising from brain/brain-stem (spinal nerves arise from spinal cord)
- numbered in roman numerals cranially to caudally

40
Q

Name the cranial nerves: 12 of them

A
  1. olfactory nerve I (oh)
  2. optic nerve II (oh)
  3. oculomotor nerve III (oh)
  4. trochlear nerve (IV) ( to)
  5. trigeminal nerve (V) (touch)
  6. Abducent nerve (VI) (and)
  7. Facial nerve (VII) (Feel)
  8. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) (A)
  9. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) (girls)
  10. vagus nerve (X) (vagina)
  11. Accessory neve (XI)
  12. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
41
Q

what nerve controls tongue movement?

A
  • hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
42
Q

What nerves controls the sensory (temp., touch, pain) rostral 2/3 of the tongue?

A
  • trigeminal nerve (CN V)
  • lingual branch
43
Q

What nerve controls the sensory (taste) caudal 1/3 of the tongue?

A
  • glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
44
Q

What artery supply the tongue?

A
  • Main = lingual artery
  • Also - branches of external carotid, facial and ascending pharyngeal artery
45
Q

What are the five type of papillae on the tongue and what do they do?

A
  1. conical - mechanical
  2. foliate - gustatory
  3. vallate - gustatory
  4. fungiform - gustatory
  5. filiform - mechanical (prominent in cats)
46
Q

Name the major salivary glands?

A
  • parotid
  • mandibular
  • sublingual
  • zygomatic (in canines)
47
Q

Name the minor salivary glands?

A
  • palatine
  • lingual
  • buccal
48
Q

What do salivary glands do?

A
  • produce serous or mucous secretions or both
49
Q

Describe major salivary glands?

A
  • most saliva
  • distance from oral cavity
  • secretions delivered via ducts
50
Q

Describe minor salivary glands?

A
  • small glands close to oral cavity
  • present in cheeks, lips, tongue, soft palate, pharynx and oesophagus
51
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • lubricates ingested feed and assists in forming bolus
  • amylase for starch digestion
  • antimicrobial
  • sodium bicarbonate and electrolytes
  • protects oral mucosa
52
Q

How does the sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS innervate saliva production?

A
  • sympathetic = vasoconstriction, which reduces saliva
  • parasympathetic = vasodilation, which increases saliva
53
Q

What nerves are involved in saliva innervation?

A
  • facial
  • glossopharyngeal
  • trigeminal (some)
54
Q

Describe the buccal gland:

A
  • between the mucosa and buccal muscles
  • dorsal, ventral, middle (bovine)
  • duct opens in vestibule
55
Q

Describe the zygomatic gland:

A
  • Between the mucosa and buccal muscles
  • just in carnivores
  • duct opens into vestibule
56
Q

Describe the parotid gland:

A
  • at the base of the eat
  • parotid duct opens maxillary fourth premolar tooth
57
Q

Describe the mandibular gland:

A
  • angle of mandible, usually ventral to parotid salivary gland
  • mandibular duct - between mandible and root of tongue , under tongue

AEU (10 decks)

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