The oral cavity 1 Flashcards
Whare are the roles of the alimentary system? (Hint there are 7)
- prehension of food
- mastication
- motility
- digestion
- absorption
- secretion
- expulsion
What is prehension?
- getting food into the mouth
What is mastication?
- mechanical break of food with teeth
What is deglutition?
- swallowing - food passes from oral cavity to oesophagus (voluntary then involuntary)
what is the Latin name for the upper lip?
- labia superius
What is the Latin name for the lower lip?
- labia inferius
What is the angle of the mouth called?
- angulus oris
What are the labial glands?
- small salivary glands around the mouth opening
what are the lips and cheeks made up of?
- outer integument
- middle muscular and fibroelastic
- inner mucosal layer
The oral (or buccal) cavity extends from… to ….
- from lips to pharynx entrance
What boundary describes the lips and cheeks?
- lateral/rostral
what boundary describes the hard palate?
- dorsal
What boundary describes the tongue and ventral mucosal surfaces?
- ventral
what boundary describes the palatoglossal arch?
- caudal
what is the vestibule?
- area between teeth and cheeks
what is the philtrum?
- the middle groove in the upper lip that runs from the top of the lip to the nose
What is the medial sulcus?
- divides the dorsum of the tongue into symmetrical halves
What is present on the hard palate?
- transverse ridges
What is the palatine raphe?
- the line that runs between the transverse ridges
Name the components that make up the oral cavity? (hint there are 9)
- tongue
- hard palate
- nasopharynx
- soft palate
- oropharynx
- epiglottis
- larynx
- oesophagus
- trachea
What component do horses have that other species don’t have?
- The guttural pouch
What are the muscles of prehension?
- zygomaticus
- Levator labii superioris
- Buccinator
- orbicularis oris
What does the zygomaticus muscle do?
- retract angle of mouth
What does the Levator labii superioris muscle do?
- elevates upper lip, draw to one side
What does the Buccinator muscle do?
- keeps food between the teeth while chewing
What does the orbicularis oris muscle do?
- closes lips, for prehending food or water
What is the interdental space in equines?
- the space between incisors/ canine and cheek teeth
What is the dental or browsing pad in ruminants?
- its the lack of upper incisors but instead have a hard pad
What is the tongue?
- muscle tissue with root attached to hyoid bone with free apex
what is the frenulum?
- It attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
What shape tongue do horses and dogs have?
- U shaped tongue becoming broader towards the tip
What shape tongue do cattle, sheep and pigs have?
- Have a v shaped tongue with a pointed apex
What is the torus linguae?
- swelling which pushed food against the hard palate
What is the median sulcus?
- furrow in the centre of the tongue
Name the components of the tongue?
- apex
- body
- median sulcus/groove
- vallate papillae (found at the back of the tongue)
- fungiform papillae ( found nearer the apex)
- palatoglossal arch
- palatine tonsil
- epiglottis
- frenulum
What are the functions of the tongue?
- grooming
- lapping
- prehension
- manipulation
- deglutition
- vocalisation
What fibres are present in the tongue?
- Longitudinal fibres
- transverse fibres
- vertical fibres
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do? And what are these muscles called?
- dorsal and ventral longitudinal
- to shorten, narrow and flatten tongue
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what do they each do?
- styloglossus - retracts and elevates tongue
- genioglossus - protrudes and depresses tongue
- hyoglossus - retracts and depresses tongue
- Geniohyoideus - below tongue, pulls hyoid and tongue forward
What is the lingual frenulum?
- tissue band connecting ventral aspect of tongue with floor of oral cavity
What is the lyssa?
- cartilaginous band medially on ventral side of tongue apex
- used to curve tongue and facilitate prehension/lapping of water
What are cranial nerves?
= nerves arising from brain/brain-stem (spinal nerves arise from spinal cord)
- numbered in roman numerals cranially to caudally
Name the cranial nerves: 12 of them
- olfactory nerve I (oh)
- optic nerve II (oh)
- oculomotor nerve III (oh)
- trochlear nerve (IV) ( to)
- trigeminal nerve (V) (touch)
- Abducent nerve (VI) (and)
- Facial nerve (VII) (Feel)
- Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) (A)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) (girls)
- vagus nerve (X) (vagina)
- Accessory neve (XI)
- Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
what nerve controls tongue movement?
- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
What nerves controls the sensory (temp., touch, pain) rostral 2/3 of the tongue?
- trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- lingual branch
What nerve controls the sensory (taste) caudal 1/3 of the tongue?
- glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What artery supply the tongue?
- Main = lingual artery
- Also - branches of external carotid, facial and ascending pharyngeal artery
What are the five type of papillae on the tongue and what do they do?
- conical - mechanical
- foliate - gustatory
- vallate - gustatory
- fungiform - gustatory
- filiform - mechanical (prominent in cats)
Name the major salivary glands?
- parotid
- mandibular
- sublingual
- zygomatic (in carnivore)
Name the minor salivary glands?
- palatine
- lingual
- buccal
What do salivary glands do?
- produce serous or mucous secretions or both
Describe major salivary glands?
- most saliva
- distance from oral cavity
- secretions delivered via ducts
Describe minor salivary glands?
- small glands close to oral cavity
- present in cheeks, lips, tongue, soft palate, pharynx and oesophagus
What are the functions of saliva?
- lubricates ingested feed and assists in forming bolus
- amylase for starch digestion
- antimicrobial
- sodium bicarbonate and electrolytes
- protects oral mucosa
How does the sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS innervate saliva production?
- sympathetic = vasoconstriction, which reduces saliva
- parasympathetic = vasodilation, which increases saliva
What nerves are involved in saliva innervation?
- facial
- glossopharyngeal
- trigeminal (some)
Describe the buccal gland:
- between the mucosa and buccal muscles
- dorsal, ventral, middle (bovine)
- duct opens in vestibule
Describe the zygomatic gland:
- Between the mucosa and buccal muscles
- just in carnivores
- duct opens into vestibule
Describe the parotid gland:
- at the base of the ear
- parotid duct opens maxillary fourth premolar tooth
Describe the mandibular gland:
- angle of mandible, usually ventral to parotid salivary gland
- mandibular duct - between mandible and root of tongue , under tongue
