Hyoid, Larynx and Teeth

Question 1

Name the bones of the skull:

Answer 1

• temporal bone (talking)
• parietal bone (penguins)
• occipital bone (order)
• nasal bone (noodles)
• lacrimal bone (like)
• maxilla (me)
• incisive bone (in)
• zygomatic bone (zoo)
• Frontal bone (family)
• mandible (meals)

Question 2

Name some of the veins in the head

Answer 2

• Dorsal lingual V
• lingual V
• sublingual V
• Linguofacial V
• External jugular V
• Maxillary V

Question 3

Name some of the arteries in the head

Answer 3

• Transverse facial artery
• maxillary artery
• linguofacial artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery
• occipital artery
• internal carotid artery

Question 4

What are the functions of the hyoid apparatus?

Answer 4

• Attachment structure for the tongue and for muscles in the floor of the oral cavity
• holds larynx in place
  -supports pharynx

Question 5

Where is the hyoid apparatus located?
and how many bones does it contain?

Answer 5

• in the larynx, between pharynx and trachea
• 5 bones

Question 6

Name the bones in the hyoid apparatus and state which are paired and unpaired

Answer 6

• Basihyoid - unpaired (billy)
• thyrohyoid - paired (threw)
• ceratohyoid - paired (cake)
• epihyoid - paired (especially)
• stylohyoid - paired (scones)

Question 7

What does the stylohyoid bone articulate with?

Answer 7

• articulates with base of the skull at the petrus temporal

Question 8

What does the thyrohyoid bone articulate with?

Answer 8

• articulates with thyroid cartilage of larynx

Question 9

What is the larynx made up of and what does it provide?

Answer 9

• 9 cartilages
• 6 paired
• 3 unpaired
• -provides rigidity and stability

Question 10

What cartilages make up the larynx and state whether they are paired or unpaired

Answer 10

• arytenoid - paired
• sesamoid - paired
• interarytenoid - paired
• cricoid - unpaired
• thyroid - unpaired
• epiglottis - unpaired

Question 11

What are the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 11

• cricothyroid muscle
• circoarytenoideus dorsalis
• cricoarytenoideus lateralis
• thyroarytenoideus
• vocalis

Question 12

What are teeth?

Answer 12

• a hard resistant structure in or on jaws and mouth of vertebrates

Question 13

What are teeth used for?

Answer 13

• used for catching, masticating food, defence and other specialised purposes

Question 14

What are the different types of teeth?

Answer 14

• incisors
• canines
• premolars
• carnassial
• molars

Question 15

Name the components that make up a tooth?

Answer 15

• enamel
• dentin
• pulp
• gum (gingiva)
• cementum
• blood vessels
• periodontal ligament
• lateral canals
• nerve
• alveolar bone

Question 16

What is heterodonty?

Answer 16

• teeth differentiated into incisors, canines and molars

Question 17

What is homodonty?

Answer 17

• teeth of similar form

Question 18

Where are carnassial teeth located?

Answer 18

• last premolar on the maxillary
• first molar on the mandible

Question 19

What is the dental formula?

Answer 19

I - C - P - M (Maxillary)
divided by
I- C- P - M (mandible)
x 2
= number of teeth

Question 20

Where is the tooth located?

Answer 20

• lies in the socket in jaw bone = alveolus

Question 21

Describe the crown and location

Answer 21

• located above gingiva
• covered by enamel
• meets root at cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) = neck of tooth not normally visible

Question 22

Where is the root of the tooth located?

Answer 22

• below the gingiva
• may be one or more
• where diverge = furcation angle

Question 23

What is the apex of the tooth?

Answer 23

• the end of root

Question 24

what is the hardest substance in the body?

Answer 24

• enamel

Question 25

What is the role of dentine?

Answer 25

• main supporting structure of tooth
• 2nd hardest substance

Question 26

What does cementum do?

Answer 26

• it covers the root
• attached to periodontal ligament

Question 27

What is the word for teeth development?

Answer 27

• odontogenesis

Question 28

What do all teeth form from?

Answer 28

• oral epithelium and underlying mesenchymal cells

Question 29

What determines teeth development?

Answer 29

• determined by genes and has limited environmental impact

Question 30

What leads to the development of the dental placodes?

Answer 30

• a series of signals

Question 31

What do dental placodes initiate?

Answer 31

• initiate development of individual teeth

Question 32

Once the primary enamel knot (at the tip of the tooth bud) it formed what is initiated?

Answer 32

• intiates bud-to-cap stage
• transition and tooth crown formation

Question 33

What do enamel knots induce?

Answer 33

• induce formation of third set of signalling centres
• the secondary enamel knots and determines sites of tooth cusps in molars

Question 34

What does a problem in signal pathways lead to?

Answer 34

• aberrations

Question 35

what are deciduous teeth?

Answer 35

• ones that are continuously replaced

Question 36

What is the name of the specific region that teeth arise from?

Answer 36

• teeth arise from specific regions of the dental epithelium = dental lamina
• subsequent teeth originate from the successional dental lamina, associated with previous tooth - forms as extension from the primary dental lamina

Question 37

What are distemper teeth in dogs?

Answer 37

• enamel dysplasia , enamel doesn’t from correctly