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AEU > The Canine Abdomen > Flashcards

The Canine Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cranial and caudal boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A
  • Cranial - diaphragm
  • Caudal - upper plane of the pelvic cavity
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2
Q

What are the dorsal and ventral boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A
  • Dorsal = vertebral column
  • ventral = abdominal muscles
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3
Q

What is the largest hollow space within the body?

A
  • the abdominal cavity
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4
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A
  • Serous membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity
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5
Q

What is the peritoneum composed of?

A
  • composed of mesothelial cells supported by a thin layer of connective tissue
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6
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • The cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum
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7
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs and where do they lie?

A
  • organs that are not suspended by mesentery
  • lie between the abdominal wall and the parietal peritoneum
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8
Q

What is the linea Alba and where is it found?

A
  • A dense collagenous band
  • found on the ventral midline of the abdominal wall extending from the base of the xiphoid process to the prepubic tendon
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9
Q

What structures fuse to make the Linea alba?

A
  • facias of the transverse abdominal muscle and external and internal abdominal muscles fuse on the midline
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10
Q

What is positioned closely against the lateral borders of the Linea alba?

A
  • medial borders of the left and right rectus abdominal muscles
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11
Q

What does the Linea alba contain and where is this located?

A
  • a palpable umbilical scar at the level of a transverse plane through the last rib
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12
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the abdominal wall?

A
  1. external abdominal oblique
  2. internal abdominal oblique
  3. rectus abdominis
  4. transversus abdominis
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13
Q

What happens when collectively thew muscles of the abdominal wall contract?

A
  • they aid in urination, defaecation, parturition, respiration or locomotion
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14
Q

What is the origin of the costal and lumbar part of the external abdominal oblique?

A
  • costal part - costal cartilage of the last rib
  • lumbar part - last ribs and thoracolumbar fascia
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15
Q

Where does the external abdominal oblique insert?

A
  • Forms an aponeurosis that inserts onto the linea alba
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16
Q

What directions do the fibres run in the external abdominal oblique?

A
  • caudoventrally
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17
Q

What is the function of the external abdominal oblique?

A
  • functions to compress the abdominal cavity and aid in rotation of the trunk
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18
Q

What is the origin of the internal abdominal oblique?

A
  • superficial leaf of the thoracolumbar facia caudal to the last rib and tuber coxae and adjacent portion of inguinal ligament
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19
Q

Where is the insertion of the internal abdominal oblique?

A
  • wide aponeurosis on the costal arch, on the rectus abdominus and on the linea alba and prepubic tendon
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20
Q

What direction do the fibres run in for the internal abdominal oblique?

A
  • Fibres run cranioventrally
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21
Q

What is the function of the internal abdominal oblique?

A
  • functions to compress the abdominal cavity and oppose EAQ in rotation
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22
Q

What is the difference between fascia and aponeurosis?

A
  • collagen fibres in the fascia run in random directions whereas aponeurosis collagen fibres run in one direction
23
Q

Where is the origin of the transverse abdominis?

A
  • medial surface of the 4/5 ribs and transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae by means of deep leaf of thoracolumbar fascia
24
Q

Where does the transverse abdominis insert?

A
  • aponeurosis onto the linea alba after crossing internal surface of the rectus abdominis
25
Q

What directions do the fibres run in the transverse abdominis?

A
  • transversely
26
Q

What is the function of the transverse abdominis?

A
  • functions to help compress the ribs and stability of the abdomen and body in movement
27
Q

What are the origin and insertion points of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • origin = sternum
  • insertion = prepubic tendon
28
Q

Which directions do the the fibres run in the rectus abdominis?

A
  • craniocaudally
29
Q

What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • functions to flex the thoracolumbar part of the vertebral column and very important muscle for stability, posture and breathing
30
Q

What is the difference between tendons and aponeurosis?

A
  • tendons are dense regular arranged fibrous connective tissue organised into small well-defined bundles

whereas

  • aponeurosis have the same consistency but arranged as a thin sheet of tissue
31
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A
  • short natural pathway through the abdominal muscles in both sexes for the vaginal process and for descent of the testis in the male
32
Q

What is the inguinal canal bordered by?

A
  • bordered by external (superficial) inguinal ring and internal (deep) inguinal ring
33
Q

What is the external inguinal ring?

A
  • opening in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
34
Q

How is the internal inguinal ring formed?

A
  • formed by the caudal border of the IAO and the lateral border of the RA craniomedially and inguinal ligament caudolaterally
35
Q

What is the vaginal tunic (male) and vagina process (female) made by?

A
  • blind extension of the peritoneum that protrudes through the inguinal canal to a subcutaneous position outside the body wall
36
Q

What are the main blood vessels supplying the abdominal cavity?

A
  • cranial superficial epigastric artery and vein
  • caudal superficial epigastric artery and vein
37
Q

What is the abdominal wall innervated by?

A
  • the ventral branches of the spinal nerves from T9 to L3 vertebra
38
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A
  • serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering most of the intra-abdominal organs
39
Q

What is mesentery?

A
  • double layer of peritoneum caused b invagination of an organ into the peritoneum that connects an organ to the body wall and gives pathway’s to blood vessel, nerves and lymphatic ducts
40
Q

What is omentum?

A
  • double (or multiple) layers of peritoneum from the stomach or proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs
  • lesser omentum
  • greater omentum
41
Q

What do the peritoneum, mesentery and omentum all have in common?

A
  • all the same tissue but just different names
42
Q
  1. Where is the liver located in the abdomen?
  2. How many lobes does it have?
  3. How many processes does it have?
A
  1. most cranial organ in the abdomen located immediately caudal to the diaphragm
  2. 6 lobes
  3. 2 processes
43
Q
  1. What do portal tracts contain in the liver?
    and
  2. What are the other two components within the liver?
A
  1. portal vein, portal artery and bile duct
  2. central vein and liver lobules
44
Q

What blood vessel supplies the liver, stomach, pancreas and spleen?

A
  • coeliac artery
45
Q

What are anastomosis?

A
  • branches connected to each other so if one gets cut off, blood supply is still functional
46
Q

What arteries supply the midgut and hindgut?

A
  • cranial mesenteric artery
  • caudal mesenteric artery
47
Q

What combine into the portal vein?

A
  • all veins from the GIT and spleen
48
Q

what vein supply’s the liver?

A
  • portal vein
49
Q

Where do all nutrients go to be processed before going to the heart and rest of the body?

A
  • liver (via portal veins)
50
Q

Describe parasympathetic innervation: ANS

A
  • parasympathetic = provided by the vagus nerve
  • activation increases activity via acetylcholine
51
Q

Describe sympathetic innervation: ANS

A
  • sympathetic = provided via splanchnic nerve
  • activation decreases activity via noradrenalin
52
Q

What is found on the left side of the canine abdomen? (clue list 5)

A
  • liver
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • jejunum
  • left kidney
53
Q

What is found on the right hand side of the canine abdomen? (clue list 5)

A
  • diaphragm
  • jejunum
    -greater omentum
  • colon
  • oesophagus
54
Q

What can you see ventrally in the canine abdomen? (clue list 6)

A
  • liver
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • jejunum
  • bladder
  • greater omentum

AEU (27 decks)

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