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AEU > Development of the GI tract > Flashcards

Development of the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is responsible for holding the organs of the GI tract in place?

A
  • mesentery
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2
Q

The GI tract has intrinsic neurons for motility reflexes - what are intrinsic neurons?

A
  • A type of afferent neurone which connects motor neurons to sensory neurons
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3
Q

The GI tract has vagal and pelvis nerves - what do vagal nerves do?

A
  • A vagal nerve is responsible for carrying signals between the heart, brain and digestive system
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4
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum?

A
  • The lining of the walls of the abdominal cavity
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5
Q

What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the individual organs?

A
  • Visceral peritoneum
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6
Q

Which of the three layers is the GI tract formed from?

A
  • the endoderm
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7
Q

How is the gut tube formed?

A
  • endoderm folds and elevates
  • endoderm folds around ventrally
  • endoderm fuses ventrally
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8
Q

Where does the splanchnic mesoderm come from?

A
  • the lateral plate mesoderm
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9
Q

What is the endoderm?

A
  • epithelial cell sheet adjacent to the lumen
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10
Q

What is the splanchnic mesothelium?

A
  • connective tissue, smooth muscle and mesothelial layers (mesentery and peritoneum)
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11
Q

What are the three divisions of the primitive gut?

A
  • foregut
  • midgut
  • hindgut
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12
Q

What is the name of the two membranes at either opening of the primitive gut?

A
  • buccopharyngeal membrane (mouth end)
  • cloacal membrane (anal end)
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13
Q

What does the foregut from?

A
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • bile ducts
  • pancreas
  • proximal duodenum
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14
Q

How is the stomach formed during the rotation of the foregut?

A
  1. Foregut rotates 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis
  2. tube budges out to the left side
    3 further rotation along the ventrodorsal axis
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15
Q

What is the greater omentum formed from?

A
  • dorsal mesentery
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16
Q

What is the lesser omentum formed from?

A
  • ventral mesentery
17
Q

What do the ligaments within the omenta do?

A
  • Ligaments are double layers of peritoneum that pass from one organ to another or from an organ to one of the of the abdominal walls
18
Q

What do these ligaments in the greater omentum link together?
1. gastrophrenic
2. gastrocolic
3. gastrosplenic
4. phrenicosplenic

A
  1. stomach > diaphragm
  2. stomach > transverse colon
  3. stomach > spleen
  4. diaphragm > spleen
19
Q

What do these ligaments in the lesser omentum attach …
1. hepatophrenic
2. hepatogastric
3. hepatoesophageal
4. falciform

A
  1. liver > diaphragm
  2. liver > stomach
  3. liver > oesophagus
  4. liver > ventral abdominal wall
20
Q

As the stomach forms there is also an out pocketing on the ventral side of the gut tube, what does this form?

A
  • gives rise to the ventral pancreatic bud and duct
  • gall bladder and liver buds
21
Q

Once the ventral pancreatic bud, duct, gall bladder and liver buds are formed there is then a clockwise rotation of the proximal duodenum - what does this cause?

A
  • causing the ventral pancreatic bud and duct to come and sit cranial to the dorsal pancreatic bud and duct
  • while the liver and gall bladder remain in position
  • the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts fuse
  • bile and pancreatic ducts fuse to drain together at major papilla
22
Q

How does the spleen form?

A
  • Forms from mesoderm cells in the dorsal mesentery also known as mesogastrium
  • its a major haemopoietic organ in the foetus
23
Q

What are the components of the midgut?

A
  • distal half of the duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • caecum
  • ascending colon
  • proximal half of transverse colon
24
Q

What is physiological herniation?

A
  • where the midgut grows and loops out of the umbilical cord
25
Q

The Horse is a hindgut fermenter - describe the equine caecum:

A
  • continues to grow in the embryo
  • Adult - 1m length and 30L capacity
26
Q

Describe the ascending colon in the horse:

A
  • ascending colon continues to grow forming a loop connected by remnants of the dorsal mesentery
27
Q

Describe the ascending in the ruminant and pig:

A
  • A sending colon continues to grow forming a spiral
28
Q

How does the hindgut form (to separate the urogenital tract and the hindgut)?

A
  • Cloacal is common end for hindgut and urogenital tract
  • urogenital septum grows towards cloacal membrane
  • perineal body separates urogenital and anal membranes
29
Q

See more on philological herniation in AEU section of book

A

….

AEU (10 decks)

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