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AEU > Teeth, Mastication and sinuses 1 > Flashcards

Teeth, Mastication and sinuses 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary germ layers?

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
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2
Q

What specifically does the ectoderm form?

A
  • epidermis of the skin, oral/nasal cavities epithelium, nervous system and sense organs
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3
Q

What specifically does the mesoderm form?

A
  • forms muscles and connective tissue, including bone and components of the circulatory, urinary and genital systems
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4
Q

What specifically does the endoderm form?

A
  • forms mucosal epithelium and glands of respiratory and digestive systems
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5
Q

What does distinct thickening of the oral epithelium form?

A
  • forms dental lamina
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6
Q

What happens after dental lamina is formed?

A
  • underlying mesenchyme condenses
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7
Q

What happens after mesenchyme condenses?

A
  • dental lamina invaginates to form the dental bud
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8
Q

As the dental bud expands what happens?

A
  • it branches to dorm an enamel organ to surround dental papilla
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9
Q

What does a complex of dental papilla and enamel organ form?

A
  • will form the deciduous tooth
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10
Q

What cells are involved in cell differentiation (in the tooth)

A
  • ameloblasts
  • odontoblasts
  • cementoblasts
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11
Q

What do ameloblasts do?

A
  • form epithelium
  • secrete enamel matrix
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12
Q

What do odontoblasts from?

A
  • from neural crest
  • produce dentine (surrounds tooth pulp - produce tooth root)
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13
Q

What do cementoblasts do?

A
  • from mesenchyme = secretes cementum around root
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14
Q

What do dental buds do?

A
  • give rise to individual teeth
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15
Q

What determines the size, shape, and location of the teeth?

A
  • genetically abd independently determined for each tooth
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15
Q

What happens if the bud is destined to from a deciduous tooth?

A
  • An additional bud for its permanent replacement develops superficial and medial to the deciduous bud
  • this is called a lingual extension leading to successional lamina
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16
Q

How is successional lamina formed?

A
  • through the same stages of development of deciduous teeth
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17
Q

What happens if the deciduous tooth is congenitally missing?

A
  • no permanent tooth will develop
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17
Q

When does calcification occur?

A
  • from day 55 gestation to day 20 pp
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18
Q

what does the 1st premolar and the molars not have in some species?

A
  • no deciduous teeth
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19
Q

When should dogs and cats deciduous teeth have fully erupted?

A
  • fully erupted by 2 months old
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19
Q

In dogs and cats when should their deciduous teeth have been replaced by adult teeth?

A
  • 6 months
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20
Q

What is the order of eruption in dogs?

A
  • canines erupt, followed by incisors, then 4th, 3rd, 2nd premolars
  • for total of 28 primary teeth
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21
Q

When should Equine deciduous teeth erupt by?

A
  • 6 months
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21
Q

When should the adult incisors have fully erupted in the horse?

A
  • first incisors = 2.5 yrs
  • second incisors = 3.5 yrs
  • third incisors = 4.5 yrs
22
Q

Describe the eruption of the temporary tooth?

A
  • eruption after crown is fully formed, but before completion formation of the root
  • eruption provides space for completion of root
  • epithelial covering is continuous with gums upon eruption
  • wear removes epithelium
22
Q

Describe how the permanent tooth replaces the deciduous tooth

A
  • migrates into socket of temporary tooth
  • pressure increases = resorption of temporary tooth
  • tooth root loosens and sheds = permanent tooth replaces
23
Q

What is enamel?

A
  • from ameloblasts
  • hardest material in body
  • between dentin and cementum
  • no healing
24
Q

What is dentine?

A
  • from odontonblasts
  • with enamel = outer two layers
  • form during crown stage
24
Q

What periodontal ligament?

A
  • specialised connective tissue
  • inserts into root cementum and alveolar
  • holds teeth in sprung suspension
  • also has sensory function - teeth in contact (enamel insert)
24
Q

What is cementum?

A
  • from cementoblats within root
  • thickest at root apex
  • gives attachment to periodontal ligament
24
Q

what is a brachydont?

A
  • low-crowned teeth, seen in humans dogs, cats, pigs
  • tooth consists crown above gingiva, constricted neck at the gum line and a root embedded in the jawbone
  • enamel covers entire body of the tooth, but not root
24
Q

What is a hypsodont?

A
  • high- crowned teeth, seen in horses, cows
  • teeth extend usually far below the gumline - lots of extra material for wear
  • crown continues continues to erupt, in response to age and wear
24
Q

What is radicular?

A
  • the root closes after eruption (horses, cows)
24
Q

What is aradicular?

A
  • open-rooted, doesn’t close, tooth grows continually through life = elodont (rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas and degus)
25
Q

What is heterodonty?

A
  • teeth differentiated into incisors, canines and molar
26
Q

What is homodonty?

A
  • teeth all, the same form
27
Q

What is the contact surface of teeth?

A
  • where adjacent teeth touch
28
Q

What is the occlusal of teeth?

A
  • where opposing teeth touch
29
Q

Describe incisors 3/3

A
  • tricuspid in upper jaw
  • bi-loped in lower jaw
  • smaller rostrally
  • single root
30
Q

Describe premolars 4/4

A
  • irregular, closely-spaced
  • complex and larger caudally
  • discontinuous cutting crown
31
Q

Describe canine 1/1

A
  • large curved laterally compressed
  • root longer than crown
  • single root
32
Q

Describe molars 2/3

A
  • broader than premolars
  • number of cusps
  • similar in all breeds
33
Q

What happens to dogs gums with age?

A
  • gums recede with age which exposes the non-enamel coated surface
34
Q

What’s is different in brachycephalic breeds teeth?

A
  • do not possess all canine cheek teeth
  • often have teeth with fused roots
35
Q

What are carnassial teeth?

A
  • last upper premolar, paired with lower molar
  • laterally flattened, provides shearing action for cutting food
  • characteristic of carnivore dentition
36
Q

What type of teeth do horse have?

A
  • hypsodont - teeth continually erupt
  • erupted crown and un-erupted reserve crown
37
Q

Describe horse incisors 3/3

A
  • high crowns, folded enamel surfaces
  • root converge
  • useful for aging
38
Q

Describe canines 1/1 in horses?

A
  • sometimes present, uncommon in females
  • erupt 4-6 years of age
39
Q

What are wolf teeth?

A
  • sometimes present
  • vestigial premolars, sit against PM1
  • may interfere with bit
40
Q

Describe horse premolars PM 3-4/3

A
  • 4 upper if wolf tooth
  • continuous with molars
  • very high wear, erupt continuously
  • upper wider than lower
41
Q

Describe horse molars M3/3

A
  • continuous with PM
  • very high wear, erupt continuously
  • upper wider than lower
42
Q

Horse - what is the infundibulum?

A
  • infolding of enamel
43
Q

Horse - what is the cup?
when does it wear away and what happens to it?

A
  • centre of infundibulum
  • Disappears at 8yrs and leaves enamel spot = deepest part of infundibulum
44
Q

Horse - what is the dental star?

A
  • corresponds with pulp cavity - appears at 8 yrs in first incisor
  • appears as a line and then changes to a large round spot as occlusal surface is worn further
45
Q

Describe rodent dentition

A
  • no canines
  • very large diastema
  • no pulp cavity = thus teeth insensitive
46
Q

Describe pig dentation

A
  • incisors project rostrally
  • canine present as continuously erupting tusks for digging and tearing
  • PM have rounded cups for crushing and grinding
47
Q

Describe cattle dentition

A
  • no upper canines = replaced by hard fibrous dental pad
  • incisors do not erupt continuously
  • lower canine teeth very similar to incisors
  • PM increased size caudally
  • very similar to horse
  • do not erupt continuously
  • very pronounced enamel ridges
48
Q

What reptiles don’t have teeth?

A
  • turtle and tortoise
49
Q

What type of teeth do reptiles have except venomus snales and crocodilians?

A
  • homodont
50
Q

What are the variations in anchors in reptile teeth?

A
  • very loose arrangement (accordant)
  • stronger attachment (pleurodont) = most common
  • strongest (thecodont) - in sockets within jaw

AEU (10 decks)

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